Florida Agricultural Experiment Station


are especially abundant on the angular type of growth. As the
branches increase in diameter, the gum pockets become obliter-
ated by being covered with new wood laid down under the bark.
 Trees making a rank growth often develop long, pliant, and
often angular shoots of a distorted S-shape. These shoots be-
come bent over by their own weight and then grow upward later
at the tips, thus acquiring an S-shaped appearance (Fig. 62).
This type of growth is frequently seen in trees in the early
stages of the disease.
















Fig. 62.-Distorted S-shaped growth of terminal branches resulting from
 exanthema.
 The young terminal twigs on badly affected trees commonly
turn yellowish before the leaves are mature. While still some-
what young and succulent, however, they frequently develop
a characteristic brownish staining. This is due to a gum-in-
filtrated condition of irregular areas of the bark, which gives
it a glossy, reddish-brown, resinous appearance (Fig. 63). The
stained areas are raised only slightly. This staining is confined
largely to the bark of the terminal twigs, although it sometimes
also involves the basal portions of the leaves.
 On one-year-old wood and vigorous shoots of the current sea-
son's growth, numerous bark eruptions make their appearance,
from which peculiarity the name "exanthema" for this disease
was derived. These eruptions consist of reddish-brown, corky,
rounded, pad-like masses of cells extruded from the bark and
commonly fissured like so many minute scabs starting to crack
loose from the underlying bark tissue. They may vary in den-