sites. Practically, liming of soils dominated by organic matter
to increase CEC and K retention is ineffective. This fact is em-
phasized by these field studies where 1,300 pounds of K per acre
were applied over 20 years. All forage was grazed and nutrient
recycling provided ample opportunity for K accumulation, but
essentially none accumulated in the surface soil.
 Plant Analyses.-Several essential nutrients are deficient in
virgin flatwoods soils for intensive forage production. Nitrogen
can be considered as the key to grass production. This element
has relatively little residual effect beyond the year of application.
It is needed in largest quantity of any of the essential nutrients,
and its cost has always been high relative to value of beef pro-
duced. Therefore, N fertilizers were not applied during Phase
3 of this experiment. Symbiotic N fixation by white clover and its
subsequent mineralization provided N for the grass. The effec-
tiveness of white clover on these soils for forage production in
the spring and as source of N for grasses is without question.
All other essential nutrients were applied either annually or
periodically through the experimental period. Some of these nu-
trients accumulated near the soil surface, and others leached
from the soil. The effectiveness of the treatments was evaluated,
in part, by analyses of forage samples collected from cages in
1971 (Table 7). Forage from harvest 1, April 22, was primarily
white clover. All nutrients analyzed were more than adequate.
Forage from harvest 4, July 29, and harvest 6, September 28,
was primarily from Pensacola bahiagrass; as with white clover,
all nutrients were in adequate concentration in forage. In spite
of the low K concentrations in soils at the end of the growing
season in October, K from the soil plus that supplied in the
annual fertilization was sufficient to provide concentrations
above minimum levels in both the white clover and bahiagrass
throughout the year. White clover requires approximately 2%
K in its oven-dry vegetation for optimum growth and Pensacola
bahiagrass 0.6% (7). The P requirement of white clover is ap-
proximately 0.17% for Pensacola bahiagrass (13). The S re-
quirement of white clover is approximately 0.15% (10), and it
is likely less for bahiagrass. Calcium concentrations in white clo-
ver were substantially higher than 1.0% shown to be adequate by
Andrew and Norris (1), and values above 0.30% for Pensacola
bahiagrass were adequate according to a study by Rodriquez
and Blue (12). Micronutrient concentrations in white clover
forage were ample according to the study by Rodriquez and Blue
 (12).