seed and must be planted by use of stems and crowns. Pangola-
grass responds strongly to fertilizer application and is sensitive
to copper deficiency. Its forage has outstanding palatability both
for grazing and use in harvested form. Selective grazing causes
pangolagrass to decrease in a mixed pasture. Orderly utilization
and maintenance practices are essential to realize the potentially
high yield and quality.
 Pangolagrass often is severely damaged by cold and insects.
Winterkilling reduces use in the northern section of Florida, and
damage may extend into the Everglades. Pastures planted or
cultivated within the previous 12 months are more resistant to
winterkill. The long-established grass survives better when heavy
growth has been removed. Insect attack on pangolagrass has
intensified with increased acreage and more years of use. Aphids
and worms can be controlled by modern insecticides and by graz-
ing or harvesting. The Two-Lined spittlebug, attacking stems
and crowns from June through September, kills top growth and
reduces forage value and, in some instances, kills the plant.
Insecticides have not provided effective control, but recently
planted or renovated areas are virtually immune to spittlebug.
Harvested or heavily grazed sods are less susceptible than those
with dense grass growth.
 Pangolagrass is most suitable for use in comparatively inten-
sive forage systems where some forage is harvested as hay or
silage. Its productivity and feeding value make this versatile
grass an important forage variety in its area of adaptation.


 LITERATURE CITED
 1. Blaser, R. E., W. E. Stokes, J. D. Warner, G. E. Ritchey, and G. B.
 Killinger. 1945. Pastures for Florida. Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 409.
 2. Blue, William G., and Nathan Gammon, Jr. 1955. Rates and ratios
 of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for whiteclover and pangola-
 grass on Rex fine sand. Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. of Fla. 15:208-218.
 3. Butterworth, M. H. 1961. Studies on pangolagrass at I.C.T.A. Trini-
 dad II. Tropical Agriculture, 38, 3.
 4. Chapman, H. L., Jr., and A. E. Kretschmer, Jr. 1964. Effects of late
 nitrogen fertilization on digestibility and feeding value of pangolagrass
 hay. Proc. Fla. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. 24:176-183.
 5. Davis, George K., W. G. Kirk, E. M. Hodges, and D. W. Jones. 1949.
 Fla. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rept. p. 240-243.
 6. Dirven, J. G. P., and H. A. van Hoof. 1960. A destructive virus disease
 of pangolagrass. T. P. Ziekten 66:344-349.
 7. Forster, R. H., P. N. Wilson, and M. N. Butterworth. 1960. Pasture
 grass investigations in Trinidad with special reference to pangolagrass.
 Proc. 8th Int. Grassland Cong. p. 390-393.