Worms
 Several types of army worms attack pangolagrass, including
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and others. They can be
recognized by their length of 1 to 11/2 inches at maturity and
brown color with variable yellowish gray and dark stripes.
Grassworms (Mocis spp.) or Striped Grass Loopers are "mea-
suring worms" and may reach 21/2 inches in length when full-
grown (Figure 10) (18). Their color is variable, with stripes
and spots making a pattern which blends with the vegetation.
These insects drop to the ground when disturbed. Damage to
grass may be first seen as irregular notching of the edges of the
upper leaves. Stripping of leaves and tender stems becomes
severe as the worms get larger. Large flights of blackbirds in a
pasture often indicate the presence of worms, and many
moderate infestations are thus controlled.

 Two-Lined Spittlebug
 The nymph (immature) form of spittlebug [Prosapia bicincta
(Say.)] attacks pangolagrass at the base of the stem, and is
found within a slimy, spittle-like mass. The adult spittlebug is
/8 inch in length, dark gray to black in color, usually with two
fine reddish lines across the wings (Figure 11) (26). Both
nymph and adult cause grass damage which may appear in July
or August, sometimes earlier, and continue until cold weather.

 41"..
 ,.Itp.


 Figure 12.-Spittlebug attack has given the top growth in this pasture the
appeorancee of being frosted. Photographed October 20, 1965.

 25