(a) Those which rely upon exploiting existing unrealized opportunities

and the eliinination o-existing ..economicinefficiencgiesithout major changes

in such areas as available technology existing infrastructure levels of demand,

current agriculturalrices or motiva-tians--and-spirit-of-people.- Programs in

this area seek to improve the decision-making of farmers, their allocation of

resources, improvement in marketing information, and the elimination of monopsony

or monopoly gains. While such efforts can contribute to change in agriculture,

they rarely lead to a more dynamic or sustained rapid rate of growth.

 (b) Those which involve significant changes in one or several of the

factors held constant under the first. This category of factors perhaps contains

elements where a dramatic change has on numerous occasions in the past led to

dynamic or discontinuous jumps. These variables are the most likely to provide

the greatest short-run gains or "shock" to a static system. As a rule most

of these change slowly, but the surprising feature of recent history is the

frequency with which major and rapid breakthroughs have occurred in a number

of these factors.

 All "developers" love to play the game of "key factors." Let me also

play the game and list the seven which I currently consider to be the major

forces capable of contributing to dynamic change in agriculture. 1/

 1. Changes in Technology. When technically feasible and economically

feasible, the diffusion and adoption of new technology can often lead to dramatic

changes and development in agriculture. These changes can be reflected in


1/
 There are numerous lists of "key" factors ranging from Mosher's [1966]
 five essentials and five accelerators to the Adelman and lIorris [1968] empirical
 finding on the overwhelming importance of improvement in effectiveness of
 financial institutions, improvement in physical overhead capital, degree of
 modernization in outlook, and leadership commitment to development. For a
 fuller presentation of their analysis see Adelman and Morris [19671.