DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE


have not proven virile, permanent or capable of large
growth.
 Adam Smith, Malthus, Ricardo and Spencer worked out
the theory of competition from the economic and mdividu-
alistic standpoint. Robert Owen, "the father of coopera-
tion," gave experimental expression to a means of escape
from the evils of competition by means of association on
mutual terms industrially. Dissatisfaction with existing
conditions has provoked various schools of thought which
involved radical changes m the social structure.
 General economics treats of man's temporal well-being;
of production, distribution, consumption and agencies con-
trolling each Pure economics is the science of value, price,
exchange and markets. National economics has to do with
governmental policies and operations. Dynamic economics
is prophetic as it deals with economic tendencies as con-
trasted with conditions. Rural economics relates to the pro-
duction, distribution and use of agricultural wealth and the
forces of rural life. Urban economics covers the field of
urban concerns problems of orgamzed society as it exists
and in its potentialties. Political economics generalizes
all branches, with special reference to the influence of gov-
ernment on industry and society
 Social science or sociology treats of the origm, history
and evolution of society; of ethnological forces, progress
of civilization and laws controlling human intercourse; the
development of government, marriage, law, custom, land-
tenure, caste and privilege, of domestic and international
social phenomena.
 Cooperation is a phenomenon of social development. It
may come from (1) mobilization oi a religious sect brought
about by persecution from without; (2) a fraternity, (3)
a revolt against economic conditions, or, (4) constructive
efforts to escape unsatisfactory economic conditions.

 We see the first exemplification m the religious colony,
 the second in the numerous fraternities with which we are