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THE

WONDERFUL LETTER-BAG

KIT CURIOUS.

WITH TINTED ILLUSTRATIONS.

BY

UNCLE FRANK,

AUTHOR OF ‘‘ THE DIVING BELL,” “THE PEDDLER’S BOY,” ‘MIKE .
MARBLE’S OROTOHETS AND ODDITIES,” ETO.

BOSTON:
PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, AND COMPANY.
NEW YORK: J. C. DERBY.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1852,
By Puituirs, Sampson & Co.,
s Office of the District Court of the United States for the District

in the Clerk’
of Massachusetts.

BTEREOTYPED BY
BILLIN & BROTHERS,
No 10 NontH WILLIAM Srreszt, N. ¥.
———————

WRIGHT & HASTY,.
Printers, 3 Water Street, Boston.
CONTENTS.

PAGE

ABOUT KIT CURIOUS . ‘ ; ‘ ‘ ° ‘ 7
LETTER L

THE BOILING SPRINGS. “ ‘ i ‘ ‘ ‘ 17
LETTER IL

GIOTTO, THE PAINTER > . . ‘ ; ‘ 29
LETTER III. 7

MY ANT FAMILY ° ° ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ; 39
LETTER IV.

THE HIGHLAND CAT . ‘ ‘ ; wiih 58
LETTER V.

THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ 70
LETTER VI.

THE EARTH’S NORTH POLE . ‘ . ; : 6 78
LETTER VIL

LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS j ‘ ‘ - : 85
Vi CONTENTS.

 

LETTER VIII.

PERILS OF THE HUNTERS - ° : ; ;
LETTER IX.

SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES . : :
LETTER X.

THE LILIPUTIANS ° ° ° .
LETTER XI.

THE CRYSTAL PALACE ; °
LETTER XII.

WONDERS OF EGYPT .-

LETTER XIIL
THE STRANGER’S GRAVE

 

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE

96

103

112

125

131

149

KIT CURIOUS, WITH HIS CHRISTMAS GIFTS - (Frontispiece.)
3

VIGNETTE TITLE-PAGE . ° ° . °
THE BOILING SPRING . “e ° ° e °
A BREAKFAST FOR THE STARVING FAMILY . °
THE MAMMOTH ICEBERG . ° ° ° °
THE GREAT CRYSTAL PALACE . . . °
A SIBERIAN SLEIGH RIDE . . ° °

THE NILE AND THE PYRAMIDS . ‘ °

21
65
88
124
107
137
THE

WONDERFUL LETTER BAG.

KIT CURIOUS.

A very famous man is UW. Chrisio-
pher Curious. I don’t mean to say
that he is as widely famous as Isaac
Newton, or William Shakspeare, or
Julius Cesar. But I do mean to say
that he is famous in the circle in
which he moves. To be sure, that
circle is rather a small one, and does
8 KIT CURIOUS.

 

not embrace a vast number of remarka-
bly great men or great women. The
truth is—I will speak it out—Christo-
_ pher Curious (we will call him K¢
Curious, if you please, for the sake
of shortness) is mostly famous among
children. I know scores of boys and
girls, who look upon him as one of the
most wonderful men that the world
ever saw. ‘They think, I presume,
that there never was another head so
full of wisdom, as the one which hap-
pened to grow on the shoulders of Kit
Curious. That wisdom will die with
him, is a truth scarcely disputed in
KIT CURIOUS. 9

 

their ranks. You can guess the rea-
son why they think so, can’t you,
reader? It is because the old man
never gets tired of entertaining them
with his pleasant and instructive chit-
chat.

Still, it must be admitted, let the
Judgment of his young friends be what
it may, that Kit Curious, when he trayv-
els out of the circle of the little boys
and girls who hang on his words with
such interest, is not set down as a
great man, by any means. He is not
wonderfully learned in Latin and Greek,
or in logic and mathematics. A good
10 KIT CURIOUS.

 

share of the knowledge he has obtained
has been picked up, here and there, as
a bird picks up seeds in a meadow
that has been recently mowed. Kit
Curious has always been a very great
reader, though, and he strives to store
away what he reads in his memory-
box.

The secret of his popularity with the
little folks is twofold: first, he gener-
ally knows what to talk about, and,
secondly, he knows how to do it. He
is tolerably at home in history. Ask
him the date of any particular event
of importance, and he can cenerally
KIT CURIOUS. 11

 

give it, exactly or pretty nearly, with-
out going to look over the book where
the date is recorded.

The old man used to resort to a
rather singular way of showing the
kind feelings of his heart to the lit-
tle folks, every Christmas; and I am
not sute but he has kept up the same
thing to\this day, though, perhaps, he
is getting to be too aged for that now.
This is the way he used to manage,
when he was a younger man: Every
year, just before Christmas, he would
buy a great number of small picture
books. On Christmas morning, as soon
12 KIT CURIOUS.

 

-as he had finished his breakfast, be
would take a walk around the village,
with his pockets brimful of pictire
books; and every little boy or girl
whom he met, and who wished him
a “merry Christmas,” got one of these
books for a present. I undertosk, just
now, to tell you why the chillren all
loved him. I wonder, by the way, if I
did not neglect one reason for his popu-
larity among the boys and girls. Who
knows but these Christmas presents
had something to do with the mat-
ter ? ;

I don’t know that J ought to go any
KIT CURIOUS. 13

 

further with the history of Kit Curious,
without letting out a bit of a secret in
relation to the name of the man. The
truth is, his name is not Kit Curious,
or any thing like it. Kit Curious is -
a nickname, which he got, many years
ago, on account of his being so well
acquainted with almost every thing
Strange and wonderful that was going
on or had taken place under the sun.
I shall call him by that nickname, not
only for the same reason, but for quite
another, namely,.that I don’t want to
tell his real name.

Now please don’t tease me to let
14 KIT CURIOUS.

 

out another secret, and to reveal the
name by which this man was chris-
tened; for I must be silent on this
point. I'll tell you a good deal about
the man; and, by and by, I mean to
give you some of the strange, and won-
derful, and out-of-the-way tit-bits of
knowledge which I have got from him.
“But’—in the language of the old
Scottish song—

“ But what’s his name, or where’s his hame,

I dinna care to tell.”

So you must be content to get along
with those threads in his history which
I weave for you.
KIT CURIOUS. 15

 

Kit Curious, thinking, I suppose,
that I could turn to a good account
the entertaining knowledge I might
get hold of, by making a sort of hash
or minced meat of it, and serving it
up to my young friends, has been wri- .
ting me some letters about strange,
and curious, and wonderful things; and
that is the reason why I talk about his
letter bag. Now, my dear young friend,
I am going to give you some of the
contents of those letters, altering them
a little, a very little, as I go along,
whenever I come across any thing
which I think needs some pruning
16 KIT OURIOUS.

 

or some explanation. So please lis-
ten, while I open the Letter Bag of
Kit Curious, and read some. of his

letters.
LETTER I.

THE BOILING SPRINGS.

You have studied geography, have
you not? Then you know that there
is such an island as Iceland; and you
know where it is, too. You can turn
to it in a minute, as soon as you find
the map of Europe. Well, on the island
there are some most remarkable springs,
called geysers. They throw up boiling
waters to a great height in the air.
18 THE BOILING SPRINGS.

 

One of these springs is called the
great geyser. It 1s somewhat larger
than the rest. It has the appearance,
at a little distance, of a large mound.
When you go up the sides of the gey-
ser, as you can do, if you choose, you
find a large basin at the top. It does
not form a perfect circle, being fifty-six
feet across one way and forty-six the
other. In the centre of this mound
there is a hole, going down into the
bowels of the earth seventy-eight feet.
This pipe is some eight feet in diame-
ter. The hot water rises up through
the pipe, and fills the basin made by
THE BOILING SPRINGS. 19

 

the mound, and then runs off over
the sides.

~  Qnce in a while, loud reports are
heard, as one stands near the great
geyser; and immediately after the loud
report, the water is thrust up through
the pipe with greater violence than
usual.

The water sometimes rises only
twenty or thirty feet; but it very
frequently goes up as high as fifty
and even eighty feet, and it has been
known to go up as high as two hun-
dred feet. I never saw this great boil-
ing spring; but I have often thought

| 2,
20 THE BOILING SPRINGS.

 

it must be one of the greatest curiosi-
ties in the world. Why, just think of
‘+t. Here is a column of water almost
as large as the room in which you are
sitting, which is sent up, with a roar-
ing sound, higher than the ridge-pole
of a three-story house. As this column
of water rises, it carries a vast cloud
of vapor along with it.

Large stones are often thrown up in
this vast column. Sometimes visitors
throw stones into the spring, to see
them go up in the air. It now and
then happens, that stones will remain
near the top of the column of water,
 
THE BOILING SPRING

 

 

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Ya

 

sR <3 — ye
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We i Bi PMN Tani ATER M,
THE BOILING SPRINGS. 23

 

for several minutes. They are kept
there by the force of the water, just as
you may have seen a little ball kept
dancing up in the air, by a jet of wa
ter from an artificial fountain. The
last time I was in Boston, I remember,
I saw a ball kept up in this manner by
a jet, in the front door-yard of the hotel
where I stopped.

There are a great many geysers near
this large one. Some of them are quite
small. The people who live in that
vicinity, it is said, often turn the
smaller springs to good account. They
hang pots and kettles over them, and
24 THE BOILING SPRINGS.

 

boil water, merely from the heat that
rises from them.

Sometimes one of these boiling springs
will be pretty quiet, and will send the
water up only a short distance. At
such times, if you throw a quantity of
large stones into the spring, you can
make the water rise again, as high as .
ever. The geyser acts as if it were
angry because the stones have been
thrown into its throat; and it sputters,
and -hisses, and roars, and spits, at
a great rate. In this respect, it acts
a little like some boys and girls that
I have seen. I will not mention any
THE BOILING SPRINGS. 25

 

names; but I know of some little folks,
who get vexed at a mere trifle, and
belch out great red-hot words from
their mouths, that will burn every
body who happens to be any where
near the eruption. I don’t know that
it would be very safe to stand near the
great geyser, while it has one of these
fits; and yet I am not sure but I would
stand there and risk it, rather than to
be so near to a boy who is boiling over
with anger, as to hear the volleys of
angry words, when they come whizzing
up through his throat. I tell you what
it is, I would rather be out of the way,
26 THE BOILING SPRINGS.

 

when spitefal words are flying about
my head. I don’t like them, and
never did.

When the sun shines on these jets
of water, they present a very brilliant
appearance. The water looks as if it
were as white as SNOW, and rainbows
are seen all about it.

Besides these jets, there are a great
many holes in the earth, through which
the water seldom or never comes up,
but which are continually sending Up
hot vapor. The clouds of vapor some-
times thrown out from these holes in
the earth, cover @ large space. They
THE BOILING SPRINGS. 27

 

form a thick cloud, and shut out the
light of the sun.

People get badly scalded, once in a
while, when they are walking around,
among these holes in the earth. Some-
times the holes which are sending up
nothing but vapor, will suddenly let a
stream of water fly from their throats ;
and then woe be to the man who is any
where near them, unless he instantly
makes his escape!

The cause of the boiling of these
geysers is no doubt the volcanic fire
in the bowels of the earth in that vi-
cinity. The crust of the earth there is
28 THE BOILING SPRINGS.

 

very thin, and the volcanic action takes
place much nearer the surface than is
the case with such a volcano as that
of Vesuvius or Aitna.

 
LETTER Il.

GIOTTO, THE PAINTER.

In the latter part of the thirteenth
century, a famous painter lived in
Italy, whose name was (ioltto. He
was born in Florence, in the year
1240. Possibly you have not heard
of this man; but I assure you he
was one of the most celebrated paint-
ers of the age in which he lived, and
was honored with the friendship of
30 GIOTTO, THE PAINTER.

 

Dante, the great poet, and most of
the great men living in Italy at that
time.

I will describe to you the beginning
of Giotto’s career as a painter. It
was when he was quite a small boy.
His father, who was a poor man, had
placed the lad with a shepherd, to
take care of a flock of sheep. “ Lit-
tle Giotto must do something for a
living,” said the old man. “I have
no notion of having him grow up in
idleness; and I think I may as well
make a shepherd of him.” Well, the
lad went to live with a shepherd, and
GIOTTO, THE PAINTER. 31

 

began learning his trade as a shep-
herd boy.

One day, the little fellow took it
into his head to sketch the picture
of a sheep that was lying down near
him. But how was he to make the
sketch ? He had no pen, no pencil,
no colors. Necessity is a good school-
master, and necessity taught. little Gi-
otto what to do. He found a smooth
flat stone; and upon this stone, by
the help of a small piece of slate, he
sketched—very rudely and imperfectly,
_to be sure—the picture of the sheep.
While he was engaged in this work,
32 GIOTTO, THE PAINTER.

 

a, man came along, on horseback. The
little artist was so busy at his drawing,
that he did not hear the gound of the
horse’s feet, and so did not observe the
man, until he had got so near as to see
what was going on. The stranger then
looked at the picture, and was pleased
with it.

«Well, my little boy,” said he, * that
is pretty well done.”’ ;

Little Giotto started up, and blushed.
Until that moment, he had not dreamed
that any one was watching him.

The man on horseback proved to be
Cimabue, one of the most famous Ital-
GIOTTO, THE PAINTER. 33

 

ian painters of that day. ‘‘ You have
made quite a fair picture of the old
sheep,” he repeated, laughing. “ Now,
little fellow,” he added, ‘would you
like to know who I am?”

“Indeed I would,” said Giotto.

“ Have you ever heard of Cimabue ?”
asked the gentleman.

“What! the painter?”

“Yes, the painter.”

“To be sure I have heard of him.”

“Well, that’s my name.”

Giotto blushed now, more than ever,
when he looked at the rude picture he
had made on the flat stone, with the
34 GIOTTO, THE PAINTER.

 

piece of slate. But Cimabue spoke to
him so kindly and seriously, that he
soon felt quite at ease again. “ Would
you like to 0 and live with me .
asked the great painter. * Would you
like to go and live with me, and learn
to paint sheep, and horses, and even
men ?”’

«“T would, sir,” said little Giotto, his
eyes flashing with delight, “ Indeed I
would, if my father is willing.”

“Well, let us go and ask your father,
then,” said Cimabue.

They went. Giotto’s father, after
some hesitation, consented that his
GIOTTO, THE PAINTER. 35

 

gon should go and live with Cimabue.
In a few days he went, and com-
menced his studies as a painter.

The pupil improved rapidly. When
he had been with Cimabue a year or
two, he became so well acquainted
with the art of painting, as to aston-
ish every one who knew him. It was
about this time that he played a trick
upon his master, which, perhaps, more
than any other one thing, tended to
establish his reputation as a genius.
The trick was this: His master had
been engaged for some days on a por-
trait of a gentleman. One day, when
36 GIOTTO THE PAINTER.

——

the old painter had left the studio for
g, short time, young Giotto painted a
fly on the nose of the portrait. Cima-
bue came in, after a while, and seeing
the fly on his painting, tried to brush
it off. But the fly would not be brush-
ed off, of course.

The old man was delighted with the
success of the art—or the artifice,
whichever you please—ot his young
pupil, and boasted of it a great deal.
It was not long after the painting of
this fly, before the fame of Giotto
spread all over Europe. One of the
most learned of all the Popes then
GIOTTO, THE PAINTER. 37

 

occupied the Papal chair, and he hon-
ored the young painter with a visit,
and encouraged him by the highest
marks of friendship.

So you see, little boy, that some of
the first steps up the hill of greatness,
are so low that almost any boy can
stand on them. When you look away
up to the top of the hill, it seems to
be a great distance, and you are in-
clined to say, ‘“ Oh, I never can climb
that hill.’ But if you improve your
time, and make the most of the ad-
vantage you have, and don’t get dis-

couraged, you can climb the hill, step
8
38 GIOTTO, THE PAINTER.

—ee

by step, as well as many others who
have gone up before you. A man’s
‘history is made Up, for the most part,
of small incidents. All men, who have
been famous 12 the world, for ereat-
ness or goodness, began their career
by doing things which astonished no-
body, and which, in themselves, wete
hardly worth noticing. Let this fact
encourage you, my boy, and let it
stimulate you, while you are working

hard over your lessons.
LETTER III.

MY ANT FAMILY.

I must write you a letter about a
family of ants which I had under my
charge, a little while ago. A family
of ants, please to take notice, my little
friend, not aunts. Some of my aunts
are worth seeing and worth talking
about, doubtless; but it is not of them
that I wish to speak at present.

I have some facts to relate concern-
40 my ANT FAMILY.

NS

ing some black ants, who lived under
my rool, and came under my careful
notice almost every day, for nearly six
months. You must know how I came
by the ants.

Instead of coal, 1 burn wood in my
study. Well, one cold day in the
winter, John, the colored man who
works for me sometimes, Was sawing
some hickory syood for my stove, when
he came to my door, cap in hand, and
begged me to come with him, as he
had something wonderful to show me-
As I am always wide awake, when

there 1s any thing very curious to be
MY ANT FAMILY. 41

 

seen, I needed no urging, and went
immediately to the wood pile with
John.

There I saw a sight, indeed. Many
of the hard sticks of hickory wood had
holes bored in them lengthwise, and
hundreds of ants were packed away
in these holes. Strange as it may
seem, these creatures had bored the ©
holes in the wood with their forceps.
Some of these holes were two or three
feet long. The ants were of the largest
kind, as black as jet. Do you know
that ants sleep all winter? It is a
fact. Some time in the fall, these
42 My ANT FAMILY.

 

large black ants, having dug them-
selves a nice home for the winter in
the hickory-tree, had gone into it, and
had fallen into a state of stupor, from
which they would probably not have
been roused until some time during the
following spring, if they had not come
under my notice. |

As the wood was sawed and split,
great numbers of these ants were thus
turned out of their home and scattered
on the side-walk. I gathered up 4
handful of them, and carried them into
the house. I did not count them; but
I presume there were upwards of fifty.
MY ANT FAMILY. 43

 

I knew very well that, unless I shut
the black creatures-up, they would be
running about my room, as soon as
they began to get a little warm; so
that they could have the use of their
limbs. So I put them into a large,
wide-mouthed glass bottle, so clear
that I could easily see through it,
and watch all their motions. It was
about an hour, as near as I can rec- .
ollect, before they waked up, and
showed signs of life; and when they
found themselves actually awake, they
behaved something as I should sup-
pose a cat would behave in a strange
44 my ANT FAMILY.

a

garret. What were their thoughts I
cannot tell. But, if I may judge of
what was passing sn their minds by
their actions, | should certainly con-
clude that they were puzzled by such
thoughts as these: ‘‘ What does all
this mean? Am I alive or not? How
came I here? Where am 1? How
did I get out of my snug home in
the hickory tree? Why did I wake
so soon? Is ib spring or not? Who
knows? Why am I cooped up here ?
Why, I can't get out. I can see out,
plainly enough. But when I try to
go out, that is quite another matter.
MY ANT FAMILY. 45

 

Well, well, if this don’t beat all the
mysteries that I ever heard of!”

I soon found that the cage into
which I had put my ants was an un-
comfortable one for them. When I
closed the mouth of the bottle, as I
was obliged to do, to keep them from
escaping, they did not seem to like it
at all. So I contrived another house
for them. I got a large glass globe,
‘such as is used to keep gold fish in,
and fitted up that for their home. The
way I did was this: In the first place,
I sprinkled some earth in the bottom
of the globe. Then I emptied the ants
46 MY ANT FAMILY.

 

out of the bottle into the large lobe,
and closed the mouth of the globe, so
that they could not get, out, but still
so that they had a good supply of air
inside. Next I filled the bottle quite
full of moist earth, packed into it close-
ly and firmly. This bottle, thus filled
with earth, I placed inside the glass
globe, and laid it down on its side.
As 1 supposed, the little creatures,
after getting together, and. consulting
about the matter, concluded to dig
themselves a home in the bottle. I
say they consulted together. You will
laugh at that. But I tell you seriously,
MY ANT FAMILY. 47

 

that not only at this time, but often
afterwards, I saw them together, when, _
from what they did immediately, I had
no doubt but they had been conversing
with each other, in their way. I found
out that they expressed a great deal,
from time to time, by the motions of
those little horns, called antenne,
which they have, in common with all
the ant race.

After the parley they soon went to
work in earnest, boring holes in the
earth, inside of the bottle. You never
saw more industrious creatures in your
life than these fellows, while they were
48 My ANT FAMILY.

 

at work on their new house. They did
not all work, to be sure. There is &
class in every ant family, which seldom
or never do any work, unless there is a
war between two rival families, and
then they fight very savagely. They
are called soldiers. It 1s only the work-
ors that are engaged in common, every-
day business. The soldiers are larger
than the workers, and more clumsily
puilt. Their head, too, is larger in
proportion to the rest of their bodies,
than is the case with the workers.
You can generally tell a soldier, from
those who do the work, if you take
MY ANT FAMILY. 49

 

the trouble to examine them pretty
carefully.

It took my ants about a day to fit
up their new home to their mind.
While the workers were digging, the
rest of the family were huddled to-
gether, in a heap, outside. I noticed
that the ants did not make their pas-
sages straight through the earth in
the bottle. They dug them with a
good many crooks in them, leading to
different chambers. I had the globe
placed on my table, so that I could
watch all the motions of the ants.
When they had completed their house,
50 MY ANT FAMILY.

 

they let the rest of the family know
that every thing was ready for them,
and all prepared to go in and occupy
their new home.

There is one member of the family
which I have not yet spoken of, and
I ought not to neglect her, for she
is the most important personage in
the whole family. I told you, a mo-
ment or two ago, that when the work-
ers were busy making their house, the
soldiers were piled up in a heap, by
themselves. When it was time for the
whole family to move into the new
house, 1 saw what these soldiers had
MY ANT FAMILY. ‘61

 

been doing there, by themselves. They
had -been guarding the queen. I had
not noticed her, until the soldiers, one
by one, began to move toward the
mouth of the bottle. They had actu-
ally covered her with their own bodies,
to shield her from harm. The queen
is much larger than the soldiers—more
than three times as large, I should
think. You can’t imagine what de-
votion all the ants showed to their
queen. When she was ready to move,
they would not let her walk, but in-
sisted on carrying her to the new house.
After the ants had got comfortably set-
52 MY ANT FAMILY.

 

tled, they kept in the bottle the ereater
portion of the day, though they would
sometimes come out into the open court
formed by the large globe, and at such
times I frequently learned a great deal
from them.

I found some winged ants one day,
and placed them inside the globe, in
order to see what sort of treatment
they would receive. In less than ten
minutes after their arrival, they were
all seized and taken into the house.
For a day or two, I was in some doubt
as to what befell them after that. But
my doubt was cleared away one morn-
MY ANT FAMILY. 58

 

ing, when I turned my eye toward the
door of the ant-house. There lay the
wings of the poor victims. My black
ants had eaten their flying cousins!
The evidence was too strong to be ques-
tioned. ,

My ant family increased, after a lit-
tle while, so that I had very nearly
seventy-five in all, according to the
best calculation I could make. The
queen never came out of the door, from
the time she entered it, except when
I (rather too cruelly, perhaps) broke
the bottle and filled it with earth again,

as I did two or three times, in order
4
54 MY ANT FAMILY.

 

to give different friends of mine an
opportunity to see the skill my family
showed in making a new house.

I must tell you of a cunning feat
which the family performed one day,
while they were living with me. I
poured some water into the mouth of
the small bottle, as it was lying on
its side. The bottom of the neck, as
it lay, was covered to the depth, per-
haps, of a quarter of an inch. “ What
will they do now?” I thought to my-
self. The only way, of course, in which
an ant could safely get out, while the
water remained there, was to climb up
MY ANT FAMILY. 55

 

to the ceiling overhead, and so go out
upon the roof. That was the way they
adopted. But they saw that getting
out and in after that fashion was at-
tended with a good deal of trouble, and
they probably saw, too, that it was not
altogether safe, as any one of them
might lose his hold, while he was
crawling along the ceiling, and fall
into the lake below. Well, what do
you think they did to avoid the danger
and the trouble? You can’t guess; so
I might as well tell you at once. After
helping out of the water two or three
young ants, who had fallen in, they set
56 MY ANT FAMILY.

 

themselves to work to get rid of the
lake altogether. Bridging it was out
of the question. They were convinced
of that, I suppose. At any rate, they
did not attempt to throw a bridge over
it. But they did attempt a far wiser
course; and they succeeded. They
held a council, and concluded to fill
up the lake. This they actually did.
A company of them, leaving the house
in the manner I have mentioned be-
fore, came out into the open globe, and
carried grains of earth and dropped
them, one by one, into the lake, until
it was quite filled up, so that they
MY ANT FAMILY. 5Y

 

could easily walk into their dwelling on
dry land !

Towards the close of summer, I al-
lowed my ant family to leave their
prison, and choose a home for them-
selves in the garden. But I learned
a great deal from them before that, I
assure you; and I could write a small
book full of stories about them.
LETTER IV.

THE HIGHLAND CAT;

OR, THE STORY OF THE STARVING FAMILY.

Very few of my little friends, per-
haps none of them, have ever seen
a family who were dying from star-
vation. True, it is a very common
thing to hear a little boy or girl say,
“Tm almost starved,” or “I’m half
starved,” or something of the kind.
Perhaps you yourself have used such
THE HIGHLAND CAT. 59

 

language. But those words, uttered so
carelessly, when they are explained,
only mean “I’m very hungry.” To be
in a starving condition, is a terrible —
thing; and those who have seen per-
sons die from hunger tell us that it is
one of the most frightful forms in which
death comes to our race.

But I will not dwell unnecessarily
on this point. It is not pleasant to
write about it, and it must be very un-
pleasant to you to read or to hear
about it. The story I have to tell you,
however, is respecting a starving fam-
ily; so that I cannot avoid an allusion
60 THE HIGHLAND CAT.

 

to extreme hunger and _ starvation,
though I will touch lightly upon the
more sad and frightful portion of the
narrative.

In our country such an incident as
death from starvation is very rare. It
does not often happen. ‘There is a —
ereat deal of suffering, especially in our
large cities, among poor people, in the
winter season. But they do not often
die from hunger. In many parts of
Europe, however, the case is different.
There hundreds die, every year, for
want of food. In Ireland there is a
ereat deal of suffering, in the winter
THE HIGHLAND COAT. 61

 

season, among the poorer classes, many
of whom sicken and die from hunger
and cold. In some parts of Scotland,
also, a great many families sometimes
suffer for want of food.

The story I have to tell you is re-
specting a family who lived in the

Highlands of Scotland. They were
- wretchedly poor. They could not get
enough to eat to make them comforta-
ble. The father and mother were good,
pious people. They loved their Heav-
enly Father; and when other help
‘failed, they looked to him for help.
They lifted up their voices to .him, and
62 THE HIGHLAND CAT.

 

prayed that he would send them some
food, and keep them and their darling
children from starving. Still no help
came. The father was taken sick, and,
for want of proper food, he grew worse
rapidly, and died. The mother, with a
sad heart, buried her husband. You
might suppose that she gave up in de-

spair, when the father of those children |
was taken from her. But she did not
give up. Still she trusted in God, and
still she prayed to him, and begged
him to send help to her and her pre-
cious babes. Stiff with cold, hungry
and weary, the mother, after she had
THE HIGHLAND CAT. 63

 

laid her husband in the grave, stretched
herself on the mat by the side of her
children, and fell asleep. When she
opened her eyes again, her hope was
almost gone. What had she to hope
for, except in the aid of her heavenly
Father? The nearest house to hers
was two miles off; and the family who
lived there were poor, almost as poor
as herself. What had she to hope for ?

And yet she knelt down and prayed
as usual. Then she thought she would
make one more trial to get food. So
she put on her bonnet, and the old tat-
tered shawl, which had become quite
64 THE HIGHLAND OAT.

 

worn out in her service, and started
to go. But she found herself too weak,
and she sank upon the floor.

It was just at this moment that she
heard one of the children utter a loud
shout of joy. What could be the cause
of it? She turned toward the child to
see; and there her eyes fell upon a
sight so strange, that she could hardly
believe it was real. It seemed to her
as if she were dreaming. The old family
cat, who had been absent for some time,
had come into the room, when she
opened the door, and brought with him
a large fish, which he had caught in the
ATINVA ONIAUVLS AHI UOd Lsvdauvaud V

 
 
THE HIGHLAND CAT. 67

 

brook. The cat dropped the fish be-
tween the children, as they lay on their
bed of straw, and after purring and rub-
bing himself against them for a while,
soon made his way again out of the
house through the open door. It was
not long before the cat returned, bring-.
ing with him another fish; and strange
as it may seem to you, he continued to
do so for three days. During this time
he brought that suffering family fish
enough not only to keep them from
starving, but to supply their appetite.
How much longer the cat would have
provided food for this suffering family,
68 THE HIGHLAND CAT.

 

if they had continued to need his help,
I do not know; for some three or four
days after the first fish was brought to
the house, some kind people, who were
hunting for suffering families, happened
to enter this hovel, and finding out how
much that poor mother needed aid for
herself and children, they supplied them
with food and made them comfortable
for several weeks.

Strange as this story may seem, it
is a true one. These remarkable inci-
dents happened exactly as I have re-
lated them. Do they not teach that
our Father in heaven takes care of his
THE HIGHLAND OAT. 69

 

children? Do they not show how ap-
propriate is that petition in the Lord’s
prayer, ‘Give us this day our daily
bread?” Can it need argument or
illustration, that God answers the
prayers of his children, when they look
to him for help?
LETTER V.
THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET.

Wuat acurious thing a loadstone 1s.
In this letter I will tell you something
about it. There are several different
kinds of iron ore, and among them is
one which has the power of attracting
or drawing toward it, iron filings and
little pieces of steel and iron. This is
called a loadstone. The power which
the loadstone has, can be given to bars
THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET. 71

 

of steel. All you have to do is to rub
a bar of steel thoroughly on the load-
stone. ‘The bar is then said to be mag-
netized. It becomes a magnet. After
that, if you want to make another mag-
net, you have only to touch another
piece of steel to the bar which has been
rubbed on the loadstone, and that, too,
becomes magnetized. Some years ago,
when I was in the American Museum,
in the city of New York, I saw a very
large loadstone. It was so large and
powerful, that when- a piece of iron,
weighing a pound or two, was made to
touch it, I found it was hard work to.
5
72 THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET.

 

separate the two. A little girl, who
was with me, tried hard to pull them
apart; but they stuck together so
tight, that she was obliged to give up.
At that time, I took my pen-knife out
of my pocket, and rubbed it on the
large magnet. In a moment, my knife
was magnetized, so that needles would
cling to it. Nor is that the strangest
part of it. The knife has the same
power now that it had when I magnet-
ized it, nearly three years ago. I can
make half a dozen needles cling to it
to-day, just as easily as I could then.
The common shape of the most pow-
THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET. 73

 

erful magnets is something like a horse-
shoe, and they are called horse-shoe
magnets. The power of the magnet is
called magnetism. There are a great
many mysteries about magnetism. We
can tell what the magnet does; but
we know very little about the reason
for its doing as it does.

Here is one of the strange things
about magnetism: If you place any
magnetized bars of steel among iron
filings, they will arrange themselves
around two points in the bar, and these
points will be determined according to
the shape of the bar of steel. These
74. THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET.-

 

points—the points around which the
iron filings take their places—are called
the poles of the magnet. Now if you
_will hang a small needle by a thread,
and bring it toward either pole of the
magnet, the needle will rush to that
point, and cling closely to the steel.
Then, if you rub the needle on one of
the poles of the magnet, you will find
that it has itself got the same power
which the magnet has, and that it, also,
has poles of its own.

After this, let one pole of the large
magnet touch the needle, and then let
the other touch it, and you will see that
THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET. 75,

 

one attracts or draws the needle, while
the other repels it or pushes it away.
One of these poles is called the north
pole, and the other the south pole. Take
the needle that has been magnetized,
and place it on a pivot, horizontally, or
on a level with the ground, so that it
can turn easily, and it will point ex-
actly in a north and south line; one
end of the needle will point to the
north, and the other to the* south.
Move it, and let it point in any direc-
tion you choose, and it will go back
again, aS soon as you take your fingers
off, and leave it free.
76 THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET,

 

This is the way the mariner’s compass
is made. By the help of this little
simple thing, a ship is guided along
through the ocean, thousands of miles
from the land. While on my way
across the Atlantic ocean, I have stood
for hours at a time, with the man at
the wheel; and as I have noticed how
carefully he watched the motions of
that little needle, I have thought that
it was one of the most valuable discov-
eries ever made on this globe of ours.
What could we do without it? How
could we ever cross the wide ocean?
What would all our large ships, sailing
THE LOADSTONE, OR MAGNET. 17

 

from this country all over the world, be
worth, if it were not for the magnetic
needle, pointing steadily, as it does, no
matter where the ship is, to the north
pole of the earth?

It is a curious fact, that a magnet
loses not a particle of its power by
giving power to others. A steel bar,
when it has been magnetized, may.
magnetize a thousand other bars, and
still be just as powerful as ever.

 
LETTER VIL
THE EARTH'S NORTH POLE.

As I have told you something about
the magnetic needle, I don’t know but
I ought to say a word or two about the
north pole of the earth. I have said
that one end of the needle, after it is
magnetized, points toward the north
pole. Now you might suppose that
the earth had axles, something after
the fashion of the axles to a cart, and
THE EARTH'S NORTH HOLE. 79

 

that the north and south poles can be
seen, at opposite sides of the earth,
very much as one can see the two ends

of the axle to the cart. But this is not

the fact. The north and south poles
are only two opposite points on the
globe. If you could get to the north

pole, you would see nothing at all-re--
markable about it. Perhaps, even, you ™

would hardly know when you got to it.

It is a strange fact, that after the
sailor reaches the Arctic sea, and comes
near the magnetic pole, his needle
seems to have lost its power. Though
he may have traveled all over the world,

4

-

>
80 THE EARTH’S NORTH POLE.

 

almost, and wherever he was, that nee-
dle would know in which direction the
north pole was, and always turn toward
it, as if it wanted to go there, when it
comes near the pole, it turns toward it
no longer. And here I ought to tell
you—what, perhaps, you never heard
before—that the magnetic pole of the
earth and the north pole (so called in
geography) are not one and the same.
The point to which the needle turns is
not the north pole exactly, though
many people suppose it to be. It isa
point some degrees from the north pole.

More than twenty years ago, there
THE EARTH’S NORTH POLE. 81

 

_ were two ships sent out by the British
government, the object of which was to
discover, if possible, the northwest pas-
sage from the Atlantic to the Pacific
ocean. The command of these ships
was given to Captain Parry. When
these vessels reached Lancaster Sound,
which lies far northward, as you will
see by looking on your map, Captain
Parry found that the magnetic needle
hardly moved at all. The attraction
toward the magnetic pole had almost
ceased. When Captain Parry’s compa-
ny got as far as the latitude of seventy:
two degrees, they saw for the first time,
82 THE EARTH'S NORTH POLE.

 

that the power of the magnetic pole
was so weak as to be overcome by the
iron in the ship.. The needle might
then be said to point to the north pole
of the ship, instead of the magnetic pole
of the earth.

The north pole of the earth—that
point which is just ninety degrees dis-
tant from the equator—has never been
reached. But some years after the voy-
age of Captain Parry, the British flag
was unfurled upon the magnetic pole.
The exact point of this pole was found
out by Captain Ross. If the north pole
is ever reached, it will no doubt be
THE EARTH’S NORTH POLE. — 83

 

found that the needle will act there,
just as well as any where else; for
that spot is a good many miles from
the magnetic pole.

I wish from my heart that somebody
could succeed in reaching the north
pole. If any one should get there, he
would see a great many curious sights,
whether the needle played any of its
strange antics or not. Among other
curious sights, he would get where the
sun never rises or sets! Would it not
be wonderful enough, to see the sun,
all day and all night, just about so high
all the time, making a complete circle .
84. THE EARTH’S NORTH POLE.

 

around the heavens? I should like to
know how any body could find out
when it was noon there. I wonder,
too, how the hens would know when it
was time to go to roost. I think, how-
ever, that there are not many hens in
that part of the world. Ice is more
plentiful there, than any thing else, I
guess.
LETTER VIL
LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS.

Quire a number of voyages have been
made from England, and some from
this country, to the polar seas. Cap-
tain Parry, as I told you in another
letter, commanded one of the expedi-
tions sent there by the British govern-
ment; and if my memory serves me, he
went several times. His account of his
first voyage is exceedingly interesting.
86 LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS.

 

About the middle of June he entered
Davis’ Straits, with his company. They
had not been in the latitude many days,
before they counted more than fifty ice-
bergs. Do you know what an iceberg
is, my friend? It is an immense mass
of floating ice and snow, as large as
many of the hills you see in the coun-
try. Sometimes very large icebergs are
seen floating in the water, which cover
a great many acres. Captain Parry
tells us that the waves dashed against
those he saw, with such fury, as to
throw up the spray more than a hundred
feet; and every time a wave struck one
 
   
 

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THE MAMMOTH ICESERG
LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS. 89

 

of those mountains of ice, it made a
noise like a heavy clap of thunder.

_ Many of these icebergs have white
bears on them. The bears get from
the land upon the iceberg, while it is
near the shore. But, before they dream
of their being in any danger, the float-
ing island, set in motion by the wind,
moves off, and so the poor bears are
carried out to sea. They often get very
hungry, while they are making these
voyages on an iceberg. It sometimes
happens, that when a native Indian
and his wife are paddling along in their

canoe, in these northern seas, they get
6
90 LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS.

 

too near a floating field of ice, and a
half-starved white bear, without so
much as asking if his company would
be agreeable, jumps into the canoe, and
waits for the Indians to paddle him
ashore. If he does not upset the boat
by his weight, as he sometimes does,
there is no harm done. The bear
knows too much to injure the people
who are rowing him toward the land.
He takes his seat in the boat, as quietly
and as orderly as any other passenger
would, and there he sits until the boat
touches the shore, when he jumps out
and takes to his heels, I believe without
LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS. 91

 

offering to thank the Indians who have
done him so great a favor.

You may wonder why the Indians
allow the bear to take such a liberty.

“T’d turn the fellow out of the boat,”
you say to yourself. Well, the Indians
would be very glad to get rid of the
company of such a passenger. But
what can they do? If they offered to
turn the brute out of the boat, it would
no doubt cost them a pretty rough
handling. Just as likely as not, the
monster would give the Indian a hug, if
he offered to touch him, which he would
not forget as long as he lived. So the
92 LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS.

 

master of the boat concludes that the
wisest thing he can do is just to row
his bearship to the shore.

In the year 1845, Sir John Franklin
was sent to the northern seas, by the
British government. He had two ships
under his command, one of which was _
called the Erebus, and the other the
Terror. These vessels were sent out to
search for a northwest passage. They
were very well fitted up, and supplied
with provisions sufficient to feed the
whole company, consisting of one hun-
dred and thirty-eight persons, for three
years. They left England on the 19th
LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS. 938

 

of May. On the 26th of July they were
heard from at Melville Bay. But since
that date, nothing which can be relied
upon has been heard from them. There
can be no doubt that they have all
-perished. How, we cannot tell. The
navigation in that country is very dan-
gerous, and in any one of many different
ways they may have lost their lives.
Perhaps their vessels were crushed be-
tween two fields of ice, blown together
by the wind; and it may be they
reached the land, and died from hunger
and cold, amid the snows of a polar
winter. Several vessels were sent out
94 LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS.

 

to search for Sir John Franklin and his
crew, both from England and this coun- -
try. Those who went from the United
States had a pretty hard time of it
among the icebergs.

Captain Parry found one iceberg, that
reached one hundred and: forty feet
above the surface of the water, and it
was aground in one hundred and twen-
ty fathoms, so that it was more than
eight hundred feet high. It was quite a
mountain, wasn’t it? One of Captain
Parry’s vessels came very near being
nipped, as the sailors call it; that 1s,
the ship got between two floating ice-
LIFE AMONG THE ICEBERGS. 95

 

bergs, and just escaped being crushed
in pieces by them. In this way a ves-
sel in those seas sometimes goes down
in a moment, with all its crew. Were
the vessels of Sir John Franklin lost in
this terrible manner ?
LETTER VIIL

PERILS OF THE HUNTERS.

Some of the sailors belonging to the
vessels under the command of Captain
Parry, took it into their heads, one day,
that they would go ashore, and see if
they could not shoot some game. They
had been living on salt provisions sO ~
long, that they wanted very much to
make a meal or two upon a haunch of
- venison, or some of the few birds and
PERILS OF THE HUNTERS. 97

 

other game that are found in that des-
olate country.

So they started off on their beating
excursion. But they ventured too far,
and got lost. It was three days before
they found their way back again to the
ship. They killed two or three fowls
while they were gone; and these would
have tasted well enough, if the poor
sailors had had a chance to cook them.
But they had no way to make a fire,
and the birds were eaten after the fash-
ion of the natives in that country—
raw. When these men got back to the
ship, their fingers and toes were nearly
98 PERILS OF THE HUNTERS.

 

all frost-bitten. Their deer hunt proved
q, dear hunt, you see. .

Captain Parry and his crew finally
had to go ashore on this island, and to
spend a whole winter there. What a
gloomy place it must have been to live
in so long. They built a hut, and made
it as comfortable as they could; but it
was a wretched thing enough. One
day, a man wandered some distance
from the hut. Poor fellow! when he
was on his way back, he was chased
almost to the hut by a huge white bear.
His fingers were so badly frozen while
he was gone, that the surgeon was
PERILS OF THE HUNTERS. 99

 

obliged to cut off four or five of them.
One of the sailors, in following a deer,
did not see where he was going, and
tumbled down a steep bank of snow.
When people are very cold, as you may
have heard, they become drowsy, and
can hardly help going to sleep. It was
so with this man, after his fall down
the snow-bank. He had no wish, al-
most no power to move; and he would,
no doubt, have frozen to death there, if
some one had not happened to find
him, just in season to save his life.
When he was discovered, his fingers
were frozen stiff, as they were holding
100 PERILS OF THE HUNTERS.

 

his musket. How terrible is the
thought, that many persons in that
cold country, as well as among the Alps,
in Europe, get benumbed with the cold,
sink down in the snow, and never rise
again.

When I was a little boy, and first
came across those lines written by the
poet Thomson, on a man who perished
in the snow, I remember, as the wind
was howling around the house, and
blowing the snow into huge drifts, I
used to lie awake, thinking about the
poor man, and his wife and children,
who were waiting for him at home.
PERILS OF THE HUNTERS. 101

 

What a striking and life-like picture
the poet makes of the whole scene.
And then the close of the sad tale. It
used to affect me even to tears as I
read it:

“Tn vain for him the careful wife prepares
The fire fair blazing, and the vestment
| warm ;
In vain his little children, peeping out
Into the mingling storm, demand their
sire,
With tears of artless innocence. Alas!
Nor wife nor children more shall he behold,
Nor friends nor sacred home. On every

nerve
102 PERILS OF THE HUNTERS.

 

The deadly winter seizes, shuts up sense,
And, o’er his inmost vitals, creeping cold,
Lays him along the snows, a stiffened corse,
Stretched out and bleaching in the north-

ern blast.”

 
LETTER IX.

SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES.

THERE are a great many pleasant
things about a cold winter. When the
ground is all covered with snow, two or
three feet deep, perhaps,.one can con-
trive to have great sport, if he chooses.
What fun I used to have, when I was a
‘little shaver,’’ as some people would
call me—what fun I used to have, as
soon as the paths were thoroughly
104 SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES.

 

broken, after the first fall of snow in
the winter, My father had a little
mare, who could almost fly over the
ground, when she had a sleigh behind
her. We children used to get into the
sleighs with the warmest of caps, and
mittens, and great-coats; and then, as
soon as her master took hold of the
reins, and said, ‘‘Go on, Kate,” the
little creature would start, and away
we would go to the brown school-house.
How sorry I was when we got there.
How often I wished the distance were
ten times as great.

But the sleighing we have in the
SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES. 105

 

country where I was born and brought
up, is nothing compared with the
sleighing in such countries as Siberia,
and Lapland, and Labrador, and the
entire country around Hudson’s Bay.
There they have snow very early in the
winter, or the latter part of autumn,
and it stays on the ground all winter.
There are no warm spells in those coun-
tries, during the winter season. The
snow that falls early in the winter does
not thaw until late in the spring. So
they have fine sleighing for the greater
-portion of the year. .
The people who live in those regions
7
106 SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES.

 

have a great many different contri-
vances for taking a sleigh ride. The
inhabitants of Siberia, make. a sleigh
something like ours, only it is built
more rude and clumsy. It is called a
sledge, I believe. The Siberians have
to wrap themselves up carefully in furs,
when they take their sleigh rides; for
the weather is extremely cold there.
Often, when they are sitting in the
sledge, the cold will cause the water to
run from their eyes, and the water will
freeze, as it flows, and so it will hang
in icicles on the eyelashes. The peo-
ple there often wear long beards;
 

A SIBERIAN SLEIGH RIDE
 
SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES, 109

 

and sometimes the water falling from
their eyes, and the vapor made by their
breathing, will freeze on their beard, and
make a large lump of ice on their chin.

The Esquimaux Indians have a queer
way of taking their sleigh rides. They
teach their dogs to draw the sleigh, or
sledge. When an Esquimaux wants to
take a ride in the winter, he harnesses
up several pairs of dogs, who have been
trained for the purpose; and off he goes,
almost as swift as the wind. The dogs
are rather unruly, however, sometimes,
and get themselves sadly snarled to-—
gether, so that the driver has to harness
110 SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES.

 

them all over again. When the road.
is level and pretty smoothly worn, eight
or ten dogs, with a weight of Six Or
seven hundred pounds in the sledge,
can run away with their load, if they
choose. They make nothing of soing
ten miles an hour with a load no heav-
ier than that.

These Indians, by the way, set a
great store by their dogs. And well
they may; for the dogs are very valua-
ble to them. They are a shrewd set of
dogs. I will not say that they know
as much as their masters; but I will
say that they are about as neat and -
SNOW AND SLEIGH RIDES. 111

 

tidy. The Esquimaux are filthy peo-
ple. One man, a captain of a vessel,
who spent some time among them, de-
clares that those he saw were so com-
pletely covered with grease and dirt,
that he could not tell what their real
color was. They eat raw flesh. This
captain says, that there was an Esqui-
maux hut near the place where his ship
was anchored, and that he often had a
chance to see them taking their meals.
He saw a woman take a seal which had
just been killed, and after biting it —
into pieces, she passed it around to the
rest of the family. |
LETTER X.

THE LILIPUTIANS.

Dean Swirt, as many of you know,
once wrote avery amusing book, called
Gullivér’s Travels. The author did not
pretend that there was any truth in
the pictures he drew. He wrote his
book merely for the amusement of his
readers, and to ridicule the marvellous
statements which had been made by
some travelers in his day.
THE LILIPUTIANS. 113

 

- In this book, there is a long account
of a race of pigmies, or dwarfs, called
Liliputians. When I was a child, my
mother. used to tell me stories about
these Liliputians, to amuse me, at the
same time taking good care to inform
me that Mr. Gulliver was not a real
character, and that his stories were fan-
ciful ones which Dean Swift invented.
I never expected, at that time, to see
any real specimens of human beings, at
all resembling these pigmies in size;
and probably the author himself did
not believe in their existence. But I
have lately seen two persons, who, in
“

114 THE LILIPUTIANS.

 

their size, certainly come pretty near
Gulliver’s description of the Liliputians.

One of these pigmies—or Lilipu-
tians; I can hardly help calling them
so—is a boy, and the other a girl.
Those who have the little creatures un-
der their charge, tell us that they obtain-
ed them of one who declares that they
came from a city in Central America.
The man who claims to have captured
them, with the assistance of several
other individuals, gives a long account
of his perilous adventures to the city,
and his escape, with these two children.
How much, exactly, of this story is
THE LILIPUTIANS. 115

mn eee ee

true, I cannot tell. Some of the hair-
breadth escapes which it details, look a
little like Gulliver’s statements, while
many of them have about them ‘an air
of truth, |

I must tell you a little about the
country from which these remarkable
children are said to have been brought.
The Spaniards conquered Mexico and a
considerable portion of Central Amer-
ica, in the early part of the sixteenth
century. Before the arrival of the
Spaniards, these countries were inhab-
ited by natives, who seemed to have had
much more intelligence than the more
116 THE LILIPUTIANS. ~

 

northern tribes, who occupied the ter-
ritory where we now live. One of the
races of natives, living in Central Amer-
ica, were called Aztecs. After the con-
quest of the country by Fernando Cor-
tez, the natives and the Spaniards
eradually intermarried with each other,
and after a while, the two races, to some
extent, became united in one. Some
of the ancient Aztecs, however, living
among the mountains, at some distance
from their civilized conquerors, still re-
mained in their barbarous state.
There has long been a tradition that,
nestled down amid the high mountains
THE LILIPUTLANS. 147

 

6f Central America, there was still
a large city inhabited by Aztecs, and
that no white person had ever visited
it, or that no one who had visited it had
been allowed to return to tell his tale.
Stephens, the celebrated traveler, who
made so many interesting discoveries
in that part of the country, tells us that
he heard such a tradition from sources
which he considered entitled to some
credit. One can hardly help thinking,
as he reads Stephens’ book, that he was
partly inclined to believe in the truth
of the story. |

Now, the gentleman who placed these
118 THE LILIPUTIANS.

 

pigmies in the possession of those who
were exhibiting them, at the time I
saw them, claims that they are Aztec
children, and that they came from this
city in Central America. He claims,
too, that they belong to a distinct
branch of the Aztec race, all of whom
are pigmies, like those two children.
It seems to me pretty clear that the
children are Aztecs; though as to the
rest of the story, I am in doubt. I can-
not so easily believe that there is really
a, race of little creatures, such as before
have only been known to the civilized
world in fable. But whatever they are,
THE LILIPUTIANS. 119

 

wherever they came from, and whatever
may have been their history, they are
remarkable specimens of the human
race, and must cause a great deal of
- wonder on the part of all who go to see
. them.

The elder of the two, a boy, was some
fifteen or sixteen years old when I saw
the little couple; the younger, a girl,
was probably from nine to twelve.
Their complexion is dark, like that of
the natives of North America; ‘but in
their entire form and features. they are
very unlike those Indians.

Their heads are shaped almost ex-
120 THE LILIPUTIANS.

 

actly like the heads which are repre-
sented in the images dug out of the
ground in Mexico and Central America,
and which must have been carved at a
very early day. They have no forehead,
worth speaking of, while the face is very
formidable. In other respects they are
well formed. All the organs of the
body are perfect. They are taught to
do a great many things, which, consid-
ering their size, are laughable enough.
The girl is altogether one of the small-
est little human beings, for one of her.
age, that I ever saw, or in fact, that I
ever heard of, except in such stories as
THE LILIPUTIANS. | 121

 

Gulliver's. She weighed but seventeen
pounds! Her height was only two feet
and five inches. The boy was a little
larger, but quite as remarkable as the
girl, He weighed but twenty pounds.
You have all heard of General Tom
Thumb, who has traveled over a great
portion of the United States, as well as
England, and a part of the continent of
Kurope. Some of you, no doubt, have
seen him. He is a wonderful little
creature. But either of these Lilipu-
tians is a far greater curiosity than
Tom Thumb. Why, I could hardly be-
lieve my own eyes, when I saw a girl
122 THE LILIPUTIANS.

 

of five years old, stand up by the side
of Patrola, the female Aztec Liliputian,
Patrola’s head did not reach up to the
other girl’s shoulders. I really don’t
know what to make of these Lilipu-
tians. But they are wonderful crea-
tures, let them be what they may.
 
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LETTER Xi
THE CRYSTAL PALACE.

Courp you have seen the Crystal
Palace, which was built for the Great
Exhibition at London, you would have
had a fine treat. It was a wonderful
edifice, and deserves a particular de-
scription. |

On the first of May, 1851, iit was
opened to the public, and people from

all nations flocked to London to see it,
8
126 THE CRYSTAL PALACE.

 

and the curious things there were in it.
You ought to know the name of the
man who furnished the plan for the
crystal palace. His name was PAXTON.
The commissioners who had charge of
providing @ suitable building for the
exhibition, had advertised for plans,
and a great many had been sent in.
But none of them suited. Finally,
when it had got to be pretty late, and
no plan had been determined upon, Mr.
Paxton thought he would try and see
what he could do. This gentleman was
a landscape gardener. He had made a
beautiful garden for the duke of Devon-
THE CRYSTAL PALACE. 127

 

shire. The duke had an enormous
water lily, which needed a large house.
Mr. Paxton had made one for it, almost
entirely of glass and iron; and he did
not see any reason why a building for
the great exhibition could not be made
in the same way. He sent in his plan
to the commissioners. They liked it.
But how was the edifice to be built in
so short a time? Mr. Paxton told them
he would see that it was built, if they
would adopt his plan. They did adopt
it, and the palace was built on Hyde
Park.

The building is eighteen hundred and
128 THE ORYSTAL PALACE. |

 

fifty-one feet long. You can remember
that well enough, ! am sure. Its length,
in feet, is the same number as the year
in which it was built. Those who live
in the city, can form some idea of its
length, by just recollecting that it
reached as far as a hundred houses.
lis breadth was four hundred and fifty-
six feet; and in the arched part, its
height was sixty-eight feet. The whole |
building covered, about eighteen acres
of ground.

The galleries measured upwards of
two hundred and seventeen thousand
square feet; the ground floor, seven
THE ORYSTAL PALACE. 129

 

hundred and seventy-seven thousand
square feet. There were thirty-three
millions of cubic feet of space in the
whole building. The surface of the
elass measured eight hundred and nine-
ty-six thousand square feet, and the
weight of the glass was eight hundred
and ninéty-six thousand pounds.

The weight of all the iron used in
the building, was nine millions of
pounds. It was heavy enough to sink
quite a number of vessels, wasn’t it?

The whole cost of the crystal palace,
was about one hundred and fifty thou-
sand pounds, or nearly seven hundred
130 THE CRYSTAL PALACE.

 

and fifty thousand dollars. The build-
ing of the palace was commenced in
the latter part of July, 1850, and finish-
ed near the close of January, 1851.
The whole number of visitors to the
great exhibition, was upwards of five
and a half millions. The revenue from
the sale of tickets and otherwise, after
paying all the expenses, was more than
a million of dollars. ‘Sixteen thousand
dollars were paid for the privilege of
printing in the crystal palace, -and
twenty-seven thousand dollars for the
privilege of selling refreshments there.
LETTER XII.

WONDERS OF EGYPT.

Ture are hundreds of things in
Egypt, which are worth going a long
distance to see. Indeed, there are very
~ few places in the world, where there are
not some strange and wonderful things
to be seen, either works of nature, made
by the hand of God, or works of art,
made by the hands of men. Only think
what a multitude of curious sights there
132 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

are in our own country. Why, it would
take a man years to see all the wonder-
ful sights in the United States, from
the Atlantic Ocean on one side, to the
Pacific Ocean, on_ the other. If he
should do nothing else but visit the
natural curiosities, until he had seen
them all, he would be a long time going
through with them. Yes, every coun-
try has a great many curious things to
be looked at. I don’t know that there
are more in Egypt than in most other
countries; but there are a great many
of them—that I know.

Egypt, as you probably have heard,
WONDERS. OF EGYPT. 1338

 

was once inhabited by a race of people
who knew much more than those living
there now. At one time, indeed, there
was more learning in Egypt, than in
any other part of the world. At the
time when Joseph was sold to the
Egyptians, the country was famous for
the learning, and taste, and ingenuity
of its inhabitants, and it became more
famous still, at a later day.

If you have studied geography at all,
you don’t need to have me tell you the
name of the largest and most noted
river in Egypt. You know, well enough,
that it is the Nile. Along the banks

+
184 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

of this stream, there are a ereat many
things to be seen, which would interest
you. If you were going to Egypt, you
would direct your course to the mouth
(or rather mouths, for there are several
inlets from the river to the sea) of the
Nile. Then you would hire a small
vessel, and go up the stream. The first
place worth notice, which you would
pass, is Cairo. The captain of the ves-
sel would let you stop just where you
pleased ; for travelers there hire the
vessel and the crew, and have both en-
tirely under their own control, so that
they - can stop just when and where
WONDERS OF EGYPT. , 135

 

they take. a fancy, and spend as much
time as they please.

After staying a little while at Cairo,
you would push on up the river, per-
haps, until you came to Gizeh. Here
are some of the most remarkable works
of art to be found in the world. I mean
the pyramids. They are situated near
the banks of the Nile. The traveler
can see them, or some of them, at least,
as he is sailing along on the river. But
when you get. opposite the great pyra-
mid, you would stop, hire a donkey or
some other beast, and go to visit it.
The name of the great pyramid is
136 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

Cheops. Itis situated in the region of
the ancient city of Memphis. It is a
noble piece of work. How many tons
of stone do you suppose there are in it,
my friend? Not less than six millions.
It is said that one hundred thousand
men were at work twenty years, in
building it.

There is a space on the top of it,
thirty feet square. Travelers have
found an entrance to it, and it seems
that there are numerous passages and
chambers inside. This pyramid) and
the same is true of all of them, I think)
‘3 situated in a desert of sand. The
 
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THE NILE AND THE PYRAMIDS
WONDERS OF EGYPT. 1389

 

sand has been drifting around the great
pyramid for centuries, and has buried
it up as high as the sixteenth step from
the bottom. There are upwards of two
hundred steps in all. They are built of
tiers of stone, from one to four feet in
height, each one being two or three feet
‘smaller than the one below. Bayard
Taylor, who made a visit tothis pyra-
mid, says he was some fifteen or twenty
minutes getting to the top of it. The
whole pyramid is four hundred and
sixty-one feet high, and covers a sur-
face, at the bottom, of. nearly eleven
acres! Think of that my little lad.
140 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

What is your church to that ereat build-
ing? It is a mere cob-house in com-
parison. Dozens of the largest build-
ings in this country, put them all
together, in one huge pile, would not
be so large as the great pyramid.

“Ag IT walked around it,” says one ©
traveler, who saw it, “ and looked up at
+t from its base, I did not feel its great-
ness. I only did so when I commenced.
going up its side. Then, having climbed
some distance upward, and stopping to
breathe, and looking down upon my
friend below, who had dwindled to the
size of a little insect, I realized the
WONDERS OF EGYPT. 141

 

huge size of this grand work. Very
often the steps were so high, that I
could not reach them with my feet.
Indeed, for the most part, I was obliged
to climb on my hands and knees, get-
ting a good deal of assistance from the
step which one Arab made with his
knees, and the helping hand of another
above.”

The entrance to the inside of this
great pyramid, is about three feet
square. Then the passage winds along
up a steep ascent of eight or nine
feet, and afterwards falls into the main
passage, which is five feet high, and
142 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

one hundred feet long, forming a con-
tinued road to a sort of landing-place.
In a small recess of this passage, is the
shaft, called the well.

Moving onward through a long pas-
sage, the visitor comes to what is called
the queen’s chamber, which is seventeen
feet long, fourteen feet wide, aud twelve
feet high. ‘I entered a hole, opening
from this room,” says Stephens, “‘ and
crawling on my hands and knees, came
to a larger opening, partly filled with
fallen stones. Just above this, going
up by an inclined plane, lined with

polished granite, and about one hundred
WONDERS OF EGYPT. 143

 

and twenty feet in lengti, and mount-
ing a short space by means of holes
cut on the sides, I entered the king’s
chamber, which is about thirty-seven
feet long, seventeen feet wide, and
twenty feet high. The walls of the
chamber are of red granite, highly
polished, each stone reaching from the
floor to the ceiling. The ceiling is
formed of nine large slabs of polished
granite, reaching from wall to wall. At
one end of the chamber, stands a sar-
cophagus, or stone coffin, also of red
granite.”

Some of the pyramids are much
9
144 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

smaller than the one which I have de-
scribed, though they are all huge works
of art. Formerly there were a good
many paintings,.and a few pieces of
sculpture in these pyramids, some of
which were very beautiful. In some of
the pyramids, and I am not sure but in
all of them, the remains: of mummies
have been found. Fragments of figures,
too, as large as life, have been discov-
ered in some of them.

It is a curious fact, that in each one
of the whole forty pyramids there is a
well, from the bottom of which there is
a passage to an underground chamber.
WONDERS OF EGYPT. 145

 

A traveler cleared out one of these -
wells, some years since. He found it
sixty feet deep, and in the chamber at
the bottom of it, there was a highly-
finished sarcophagus.

The pyramids are very ancient. Some
of them are supposed to have been built
at least two thousand years before
the birth of Christ. There are hiero-
glyphics, or curious letters, on the pyr-
amid of Cheops, which signify Seamphis,
who is supposed to have been the mas-
ter-builder; and he lived almost four
thousand years ago.

You will want to know what these
146 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

pyramids were built for. I wish |
could tell you; but a good deal of
doubt hangs over that matter. Some
learned men think that they were built
for one purpose, and some for another.
I think they were used as burial-places
for persons of high rank. This seems
probable, from the number of stone
coffins which are found in all of the
pyramids, as well as the mummies
which are frequently discovered.

In the largest pyramid, which I have
described more particularly than any
of the rest, many suppose that one of
the kings of Egypt once slept the long
WONDERS OF EGYPT. 147

 

sleep of death. There he lay, in pomp
and splendor. That immense structure
was probably raised to his honor—to
the honor of him who was once the
head of a kingdom, at that time the
proudest on the face of the earth.

But where is he now? Where are
all those haughty monarchs who pre-
ceded and followed him on the throne
of Egypt? Where are they? Where
is the mighty one whose embalmed. re-
mains were placed, with such pomp and
splendor, in that vast cemetery, which,
perhaps, will ever be ranked among the
ereatest wonders of art in the world?
148 WONDERS OF EGYPT.

 

Even his bones are gone. ‘They are
scattered to the winds. His dust is
mingled with other dust. There 18
nothing noble about it now. No one
could distinguish it, if he were to
see it. |

O, my young friend ! how much bet-
ter if is to be honored by God than to
be honored by men. How much more
desirable it is, to have a place among
the mansions of heaven, than to lie en-
tombed among the great and the noble
of the earth. Strive to live not for time
only, but for eternity.
LETTER XIII.

THE STRANGER’S GRAVE.

A tEaR starts into my eye, young
reader, as I think of the great pyramids
and of the broad river that winds its
way near them. Do you care to know
why? You shall know.

On the banks of the Nile, far from
the home of his childhood, a few years
ago died a young American. ‘There, at-
tended only by a few strangers, his
150 THE STRANGER’S GRAVE.

 

remains were buried. A plain stone
now marks the spot where he lies.
That young man was one of the com-
panions of my boyhood. We went to
the same school. We studied together,
and played together. We loved each
other. He was dearer to me than any
other boy in the school. A noble, gen-
erous lad was he; and he was industri-
ous and ambitious, too, always aiming
to be the best scholar in the school.
Faults he might have had, but in all
my acquaintance with him, | discov-
ered but few. We were rivals, both
aiming for the highest honors. But
THE STRANGER’S GRAVE. 151

 

not a word, not a thought, I verily be-
lieve, of unkindness, was ever cherished.
for a moment by one of us toward the
other.

We left that school. Both went away
from our childhood’s home. We were
separated. After a course of study in
one of the most celebrated colleges in
the country, he determined to spend
two or three years traveling in foreign
lands. He wished to store his mind
with the knowledge he might glean
from the old world, thinking it would
add to his usefulness when he should

return to his native land.
152 THE STRANGER’S GRAVE.

 

He sailed for Europe, and, at length,
after visiting several countries, started
on a voyage up the Nile, to visit the
pyramids and the rest of the curious
things that are to be found near the
banks of that stream. But alas! he
was doomed to be disappointed. He
was seized with a raging fever soon
after he began to ascend the river, and
there, in the midst of strangers, with
no friends around him but the family
of the American consul, he died, and
was buried.

How I wish I could have been with
him, when he died. My brother! my
THE STRANGER’S GRAVE. 153

 

heart bled for thee, when the sad news
came to my ears that the friend of my
childhood was dead. Tears found their
way down my cheeks, as I listened to
the tale of thy untimely end, and now—
though years have passed since the ti-
dings reached me—now, amid the cares
and anxieties of life in a great city, a
tear will fall, though unbidden, when I
think of the solitary grave, where sleeps
my early friend, on the banks of the
Nile.

But the spirit of my friend, I cannot
doubt, has been introduced into the
abodes of the blessed on high. He was
154 THE STRANGER’S GRAVE.

 

no stranger there. His name had long
been enrolled among the disciples of
Christ. He was a devoted Christian.
His life was exemplary, and his end
was peaceful and triumphant. Reader,
in closing these letters, I can scarcely
help expressing the fond wish which
rises in my heart, that wherever it may
be your lot to die, and whenever it may
please God to summon you to another
world, you, too, may be prepared to
dwell with the angels. It is but little
matter, after all, where we die, or when
we die, if we receive the Christian’s
welcome, at the bar of God, “ Well done,
THE STRANGER’S GRAVE. 155

 

good and faithful servant; enter thou
into the joy of thy Lord.” Let it be
your aim, dear young friend, to live ©
for heaven as well as for earth.

But I must chat no longer with you
‘at present. It is time for me to bid
you good-by. Perhaps I may make
another book for you, at some future
time, if I should live. I have scores
of things that I want to tell you. By
the way, how would you like to read.
something about what I saw and heard
in Europe? I have more than half a
mind to give you, one of these days,
a little sketch of my travels there. I
156 THE STRANGER’S GRAVE.

 

am not sure but you would be pleased
with it. I must not undertake to give
you any account of these travels now,
though; for I perceive that we are

already at

 
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writer for the young, the author is surpassed by very few, if any writers in
this country."—WV. Y. Tribune.

“ A melange of most agreeable reading.”— Presbyterian.
«“ They cannot fail to be intensely interesting.”—Ch. Register.

“Charming stories, told with that felicitous simplicity and elegance of
diction which characterize all Mr. Woodworth’s efforts for the young.” —WV.
Y. Commercial Advertiser.

« Nothing can be more interesting than the stories “and pictorial illustra-
tions of these works.”—Brattleborough Dem.

«“ We never pen a notice with more pleasure than when any work of our
friend Mr. Woodworth is the subject. Whatever he does is well done, and
in a sweet and gentle spirit.” —Carist. Inquirer.

«The author is a man of fine abilities and refined taste, and does his work
in a spirit of vivacious, but most truthful earnestness.” — Ladies’ Repos.

—_—

UNCLE FRANK’S PEEP AT THE BEASTS. Square 12mo.
Profusely Illustrated; pp. 160.

UNCLE FRANK’S PEEP AT THE BIRDS. Uniform with
the above; pp. 160.

These two volumes are written in the simplest style, and with
words, for the most part, of two and three syllables. They are ex-
ceedingly popular among children.

«“ Of those who have the gift to write for children, Mr. Woodworth stands
among the first ; and, what is best of all, with the ability to adapt himself to
the wants and comprehension of children, he has that high moral principle

which will permit nothing to leave his pen that can do harm.”—irthur’s
Home Gaz.
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