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JONAS’S STORIES ;

RELATED TO

ROLLO AND LUCY

BY THE

AUTHOR OF THE ROLLO BOOKS

BOSTON:
TICKNOR, REED, AND FIELDS

M DCCC LI.
 

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839,
By T. H. Carter,
In the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.

 

 

 

STEREOTYPED AT THE
BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY.
PREFATORY NOTICE.

Tuese Stories of Jonas, having been
related to Rollo and Lucy together, are
intended both for boys and girls. It is
heped that, in all of them, the parent or
teacher, who may run his eye over the
book, will find a useful tendency. ‘The
aim of the writer has been to cultivate
habits of clear . discrimination, sound
reasoning, and correct judgment on the
common subjects of interest to childhood,
and to develop the gentle and amiable

feelings of the heart.
CONTENTS

Page
THE JOURNEY. ...cccccccccccvcccccccccccccceccccceseses soe
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.....cccccsccccccccscccccvccrecsee 15
FHE QUESTION ......ccceeee wecccccoccccccccccceccess cocee 44
SOBER JOHN ...ccccccccccccccccccccccccccecccvescves cocate OS
THE PREVARICATION STORY .....-.cccccsccccscvaceeees 70
GOING TO COURT.......cseceeeees cccccccccccccccccccceces 8S
THE. TRIAL... ccccccccccccccccccccecs ccccccccccccccccosccoss OB
TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA —JACK’S WAY..... coove LIT
TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA.—JOHN’S WAY......... 142
AN EXPERIMENT. .....ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccsecsccess 162

SPRITE 6:66 6006 64. 060660 000606000060 60 140 009606008 060000060006 1
JONAS’S STORIES.

THE JOURNEY.

One summer, when Rollo was about eight
years old, his father and mother concluded
to take a long journey through the interior
of the country. A good deal of the road
over which they were to travel lay in a
wild, solitary region of forests and moun-
tains, through which it would be necessary
to travel very slowly. Rollo had learned
the art, which children are generally very
slow to learn, of not being troublesome
when riding: and so his mother inquired if
there was not some way of taking him with
them. After some consultation and planning,
they finally determined to enlarge their
original design, and take the whole family,
except little Nathan.

Rollo’s father accordingly procured what,
12 THE JOURNEY.

in that part of the country, was called a
carryall. It was a light, four-wheeled ve-
hicle, with two seats. It had a large glass
in the upper part of the door on each side,
and leather curtains all around except in
front, so that it could be shut in very se-
curely, in case of bad weather. Jonas was
to drive the wagon behind, with two or
three trunks, and the other baggage. Rol-
lo’s father adopted this plan for three
reasons. He wanted Jonas’s help about
the business for which he undertook the
journey ; he thought also that they should
travel more conveniently by having the
baggage go in a separate conveyance, and
then it would often be of advantage to have
Jonas’s services on the way, in looking after
the horses, the baggage, &c., and in waiting
upon them all at the inns.

Rollo and his sister Mary were to ride in
the carryall with their father and mother ;
and as Rollo was small, and did not take up
more than half a seat, they concluded to
invite his cousin Lucy to go too. She was
very glad to accept the invitation.

The arrangements were all made accord-
ingly, and one pleasant morning in June,
THE JOURNEY. 13

the carrya!l and the wagon came to the door ;
the baggage was put in, and snugly stowed
by Jonas in the wagon, all but a few light
articles, which he put under the seats in the
carryall. Presently all the party took their
seats, Jonas locking the door last, and
putting the key in his pocket, that he might
leave it at one of the neighbors’ until they
should return. Rollo and Lucy were in
high glee ; and in fact Rollo was rather noisy
in his joy, until his mother spoke to him,
and then he was more quiet.

They went on very prosperously ; and
sometimes Rollo and Lucy used to go and
ride in Jonas’s wagon. They liked this
better than riding in the carryall, because
they could see out better ; for the wagon was
not covered at all. In such cases, Jonas let
them sit upon the seat, which had a buffalo
skin spread over it in place of a cushion ;
and he himself would sit upon the end of a
leather trunk, which was placed under the
seat, in such a manner that one end projected
just far enough in front of it to make a
good cricket for Jonas to sit upon and drive.
So the children had good accommodations

in the wagon, and they liked it very much,
2
14 THE JOURNEY.

and Rollo’s father liked to have them ride
there sometimes, for it divided the load
better, as he said, between the horses.

Now it happened that Jonas Was a capital
hand to tell Stories; and he had a little
time before agreed to tell some stories to
Rollo, at some drawing lessons which they
were going to take together; but on trying
it, they found they needed all their attention
for their drawing ; and now it was concluded
that Jonas should tell stories on this journey
instead. So, whenever it Was convenient
for Rollo and Lucy to ride in his wagon, he
beguiled the way in this manner, as they
slowly toiled up the hills and through the
forests, or pursued their solitary way among
the rough defiles of the mountains. Jonas’s
- first story was Tur Fisuerman’s Boy.
15

THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

‘Once there was a fisherman. He lived
in a little hut which was built against the
rocks in a small bay near the sea-shore.
There was a small, sandy beach right before
his house, a very smooth and pretty beach,
where the fisherman used to draw up. his
little boat when he came in from fishing.”

‘Did he have more than one boat?” said
Lucy.

“Yes,” replied Jonas, ‘he had two, one
pretty large boat with a mast, and one
smaller one. ‘The large one he always an-
chored off in the bay, a little way from
shore, and then came to the beach in his
little boat, which he then drew up out of
the way of the tide.”

“How high did the tide rise?” asked
Rollo.

“QO, so’as almost to cover the beach.
When it was high tide, as it was twice
every day, there was only a narrow strip
of sand between the water and the grass.
16 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

When the tide was down, the beach was
very broad, and the lower edge of it was
very wet, and rather stony; and then little
Jock couldn’t sail his boats very well.”

“ Little Jock?” said Rollo and Lucy both
at once; “ who was little Jock?”

“QO, little Jock was the fisherman’s boy.
He was about seven years old, and he was
a capital little fellow too. One _ pleasant
morning, he asked his father to let him go
out a-fishing with him.

““Go out a-fishing?’ said his father;
‘what good could you do?’

“<Q, father,’ said Jock, ‘I can catch
fishes. I can pull ’em up.’ And here he
began to make signs as if he was pulling a
fishing-line out of water, hand over hand.
‘If you will just get ’°em hooked on for me,
Pll pull ’em up.’

“His father laughed a little at this, and
finally he said he might go. So Jock ran
capering down to the little boat, which was
almost afloat, with its bows just resting a
little upon the beach.”

‘“ But I thought you said he always pulled
his little boat out of the water?” said Lucy.

“So he did; that is, he always pulled i
CHE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 17

up so high that they could get into it at
nigh tide. It was high tide now, and so the
boat was almost afloat. But the painter was
fastened to a stake farther still upon the
shore ; so it was secure.”

“ What is the painter?” said Lucy.

“A rope fastened to a ring in the bows of
the boat. They always call it the painter.”

‘‘ What a funny name!” said Rollo.

“ Jock,” continued Jonas, ‘‘ got into the
little boat, and took up the boat-hook. Do
you know what a boat-hook is?” said he.

“No,” said Lucy.

“Itis a long pole, with a spike and a hook
in one end of it, to push against the bottom,
or to fend off from the rocks, when they
come too near the shore ; or to hook up any
thing which has fallen overboard, or which
is found floating in the water. A boat-hook
is a very handy thing on board a boat.”

“Yes,” said Rollo; “well, what did Jock
do with his boat-hook ? ”

‘QO, he began pushing against the bottom,
and that made the stern of the boat, that is,
the after part, move in the water from side to
side. Jock had often done this before, when
the tide was up so as to float the boat. He

Q*
18 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

called it sailing ; but he could not sail so
long, for the tide would soon ebb away, and
leave him hard aground.”

“What time in the day was it high
tide?’’ said Lucy.

“OQ, different tirmes, on different days. It
was high tide an hour later every day. Well,
as I was saying, Jock was pushing his boat
about, waiting for his father ; and presently
he called: out,

“¢Come, father, come; I’m sailing. If
you don’t come quick, I shall be gone.’

“His father laughed, and came along with
some lines in one hand, and a sort of a bag
in the other.” |

‘What was in the bag?” said Rollo.

‘Some bread and cheese, and a little keg
of water to drink. They always have to
carry water on the sea, for the sea-water is
salt, and not good to drink.

“So the fisherman came down, and put
his lines and his bag into the boat, and then
cast off the painter from the stake, and after
giving the boat a slight shove off from the
land, he stepped in himself, and Jock began
to shove off with his boat-hook.

«“ ¢ Now, father,’ says Jock, ‘you sit still,
THE FISHERMAN § Boy. 19

and I will navigate you out to the Blue-
bird.’ ”

“The Bluebird?” said Rollo.

“Yes,” said Jonas, “that was the name
of the fisherman’s large boat, which was
floating out in the little bay, a few fathoms
from the shore. The little boat was only
fit to paddle about in near the shore; but
the Bluebird had a mast and sail, and was
pretty large and strong, and could bear up
against pretty heavy waves.

“So Jock tried to shove the little boat out
to the Bluebird; but it only went round and
round, this way and that, until his father
took up an oar, and putting it out behind,
began to scull.”

“Seull?” said Rollo; ‘“ what is that?”

“OQ, it is working the oar back and forth
in a curious way, so as to send the boat
ahead. When they got pretty near the
Bluebird, the fisherman told Jock to take in
his boat-hook ; and then he brought the boat
up handsomely alongside the Bluebird, to
leeward.”

Jonas pronounced the word leeward as if it
had been spelled Joo-ard, which is the proper

way to pronounce it. e
20 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

“You have so many sea phrases in your
story, Jonas, that I can’t understand it very
well,” said Lucy.

‘“Can’t you?” said Jonas. “But I don’t
see how I can tell this story very well with-
out the sea phrases; though I can explain
them as I go along; and it will be useful for
you to understand them.”

‘Very well,” said Lucy, “go on; but
what do you mean by leeward?”

‘“Why, when a vessel or a boat is out
upon the water, there is one side that the
wind blows upon, and the waves, if there:
are any, dash up on that side ; but round on
the opposite side it is sheltered, and there
the water is smoother. The side towards
the wind is called to windward, and the other
to leeward. Now, here in this wagon,”’
continued Jonas, pointing out on one side,
“the wind is blowing in upon us here, and
this is to windward ; and here, on the
other side, it is to leeward. It makes no
difference on which side you get into a
wagon; but it is generally much easier to
get into a vessel from the leeward.

“The Bluebird was moored to a buoy
which the fisherman had fixed there in the
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 21

water. This buoy was a small, round beam
of wood, with a rope fastened to one end.
The other end of this rope was tied strong
round a stone,—a large stone which was
sunk to the bottom; and so the buoy could
not get away ; but there it floated, lifting its
head high out of water.”

“Why, how could it do that?” said
Rollo.

“Why, you see, the rope was made a
little too short to-reach to the top of the
water, and that drew the lower end of the
buoy under, and raised the other end. ‘The
fisherman painted the upper end of the buoy
white, so that he could see it more easily in
the dark ; and he cut the shape of a dog’s
head on the end, and called it his watch-
dog Looxour; to watch the tides.”

‘‘'T'o watch the tides?’ said Rollo.

“Yes,” said Jonas, ‘“‘he would watch the
tides, and tell when it was high or when it
was low.”

‘How could he?” asked Lucy.

“Why, you see the rope was short, and
drew one end of the buoy under water; and
so, when the tide rose high, it made the
rope a good deal too short, and that drew the
22 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

lower end a good deal under the water, and
made the other end lift up higher. Then,
when the tide went down, old Lookout would
gradually lie down again too. So that they
could always tell, by looking at the old watch
dog, how high the tide was. Besides that,
he would tell them whether it was ebb or
flood.’’

‘¢ Ebb or flood?” inquired Lucy.

“Yes; that is, whether the tide was coming
in or going out. When the tide is flowing
in, it is called flood tide, all the time from
when it first begins to come in, until the
bay is full: then it is high tide. Very soon
it begins to ebb, that is, to run out again; and
it is called ebb tide until it is all out, and
then it is low tide again.”

‘‘But how could the buoy tell,” said
Rollo, “whether the tide was coming in or
going out?”

‘Why, it was confined, you see, only at
one end, and so the tide, when it was coming
in, or going out, carried off the upper end of
the buoy, so as to make old Lookout’s head
point the way the tide was going. When
the tide was coming in, old Lookout turned
his head towards the head of the bay; and
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THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 25

then, when it ebbed, he would lean over
towards the sea, and look off as if he wanted
to go out too.
_ “There was a small iron ring fastened to
Lookout, just under one of his ears. The
Bluebird was fastened to this ring, by means
of a rope. The fisherman helped Jock up
into the large boat, and then cast off from
the ring. Jock sat down upon one of the
thwarts, near the mast.”

“'Thwarts?”’ said Rollo.

“Yes ; — seats, placed across the boat

from side to side. Jock sat down upon ong ~
of these seats, and the fisherman began @

make sail.”

‘Make sails?’ said Rollo; ‘ were not his
sails made yet?”

“T did not say make his sails,’ said Jonas,
“but make sail ; that is, hoist hissails. They
always call it making sail. The fisherman
then went to the stern of the boat, and took
the helm, and as soon as the sails filled, and
she got a little way on her, he put her bes
round, and stood out to sea.

“It was a fine summer’s day, and there*
were a pleasant breeze and a smooth sea.

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26 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

the water, heeling a little to port, for the
wind was on the starboard beam.”

“OQ dear me!” said Lucy, with a long
sigh; ‘“Ican’t understand one word you say.”

“Can’t you?” said Jonas. “ What,
haven’t you understood the story so far?”

“Why, yes,” said she, “so far; but it
grows harder and harder to understand.”

“Well, perhaps I had better leave off this
story, and try to tell another.”

“O no,” said Rollo, “I went to hear the
rest of this very much. You can explain it
to us as you go along.”

‘You will understand it better pretty
soon,” said Jonas, “for I was going to tell
you how the fisherman explained about the
boat to Jock. After they had sailed along a
little way, ‘Jock,’ said he, ‘while we ar
making our offing, I think I will give wl
a talk about boat-service. It will be worth
a day’s schooling, if you listen well.’

“< Well,’ said Jock, ‘I should like to hear.’ :

“Then the fisherman, after trimming his
sails a little more exactly, and taking a good
lookout ahead, began thus : —

“<The for’ard part of the boat is called
the bows, and the hind part here, where I am

ee
we
“ee
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 27

sitting, is called the stern. That you knew
already.’

“¢¢ Yes, father.’

“<"Mhe sides of the boat are named, as
well as the ends,’ continued the fisherman.
‘This side on the right is called the star-
board side, and this one on the left 1s called
the larboard side. Remember that, will you,
boy ?’

“¢Yes, father, ’iltry. Starboard is right,
and larboard is left.’

“¢Ay, ay, Jock, that is it exactly. The
larboard side of the boat, near the bows, is
called the larboard bow; near the stern, it is
called the larboard quarter; and so on the
other side, it is called the starboard bow, and
starboard quarter. So, if you look out of a
boat, or a vessel, nearly for’ard, but a little
to the left, and should see any thing there,
you would say it was on the larboard Cow.’

“Here Jock looked out in the direction
which his father had named, and said, ‘I do
see something on the larboard bow, father.’ »

“©¢ What is it?’ said his father.

6 A gull.’

“The fisherman looked, and saw it. é

‘Just at that moment, the gull was oven
28 © THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

ened at seeing the boat coming on, and he
flapped his wings, and rose slowly from the
water. Jock watched him. He wheeled
around in the air over their heads, and then
finally went down again towards the water,
and lighted in the bay away behind them,
and yet not exactly behind them, but con-
siderably to the left.

“<¢Mhere, where is he now?’ said the
fisherman.

“¢Hfe is on the larboard quarter,’ said Jock.

“¢Right,’ said the fisherman. ‘ You're
a pretty good scholar. If he had lighted on
one side of us here, to the left, about off op-
posite to us, we should call that on the lar-
board beam; because it is where the beams
of a vessel point, which go across from side
to side.’

“¢And off on the other side is on the
starboard beam, I suppose,’ said Jock.

“Yes, said the fisherman; ‘and if any
thing is right before us, it. is ahead, and if
it is right behind us, it is astern. Now, Jock,
you stand up, and take a look all around,

‘and tell me what you see, in all these di-

‘Tections.’
«©¢ Where shall I begin?’ said Jock.
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 29

“¢ Begin right ahead,’ said his father.

“So Jock stood up on the thwart, and
began to look for’ard, and described what
he saw, thus : —

“¢¢ There is nothing right ahead but water.’
Then he turned a little to the left, and said,
‘On the larboard bow, I see some rocks and a
point of land. On the larboard beam is the
shore. 'Then next comes the larboard quar-
ter, where I see our house and the beach.

“¢¢ Directly behind us ’—

“¢No, not behind us; astern, you mean,’
said the fisherman.

“¢Yes, astern, I see the buoy, and our
little boat fastened to it, and the land beyond.
On the starboard quarter, there is water and
land beyond; on the starboard beam, the
same; on the starboard bow, there are rocks ;
and that brings me round to right ahead
again, where I began, and where there is
nothing but water. — Yes, there is,’ he con-
tinued, after a moment’s pause; ‘I see a
sail-boat out in the offing, right ahead.’

““¢ Tet me see,’ said the fisherman ; and he
leaned his head to one side, to see clear of
the mast and sail.

“Tt was a large ship, instead of a sail-boat ;

3*
30 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

but it was so far off, that it looked very
small, and so Jock thought it was a boat.
The fisherman knew that it was a ship sail-
ing along the coast, and he knew also that
she was going in such a direction, that the
wind was ahead to her, though to the Blue-
bird it was on the starboard beam.”

‘Now I remember you told us so some
time before,” said Lucy, “and I did not
understand it then; but now I know from
what the fisherman said.”

“Yes, it means that the wind blew right
across the boat, from the starboard side, and
I told you that made her heel to port.”

“Heel to port!” said Lucy, laughing,
“what zs that?”

“ Heel? that is lean over ; and to port is
to larboard.”’

“Why don’t they say to larboard then?”
said Rollo.

“No, why don’t they say to the left, and
done with it?” said Lucy, ‘‘and then we
should understand. If you would tell us
plainly that the wind blew on the right side,
and made the boat lean over to the left side,
then we should understand; but instead of
that you tell us the wind was on the star-
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 31

board beam, and that made her heel to
port!”

Here Rollo and Lucy burst into a loud fit
of laughter at the absurdity of sea language.
Jonas smiled, and waited patiently until they
had become still; and then he said,

“ All I know about it is, that is the way
the sailors do talk.”

“How do you know?” said Lucy.

“O, I have been to sea,” said Jonas.

«“ When was it?” asked Lucy.

“Never mind that now,” said Rollo; “I
want to hear the rest of this story.”

“Well,” said Jonas, “they went on pros-
perously until they came to the fishing-
ground and began to fish. ‘They anchored
the boat, and fished for some time, and the
fisherman let Jock pull up some of the fishes.
They were a good many miles from the land ;
but Jock was not afraid, for the water was
very smooth and still. In fact the wind all
died away; and in consequence of it the ship
could not get along, but she lay still upon
the water, about two miles from them, out to
sea, the great sails hanging idly against the
masts. Jock asked his father how they were
going to get home without any wind ; and his
32 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

father told him that he had no doubt there
would be a breeze before night.

“The afternoon passed away, however,
with scarcely a breath of air. The ship
grew gradually smaller and smaller during
the middle of the day, because she gradually
worked off from the land; but in the after-
noon the tide set in towards shore, and she
slowly drifted back again, until at length
she approached within half a mile of the
boat. When the sun was about two hours
high, the fisherman drew in his lines, and
hoisted his sail again to go home,—the
bottom of his boat being filled with fishes.

“As the boat came round, Jock had the
ship in full view on the starboard beam.
The ship had three masts, and a great many
ropes and sails; and as the wind, what little
there was, was blowing in nuw towards the
shore, she was to windward of the boat. Jock
had time to look at her leisurely, for the boat
moved very slowly ; and presently he heard
a loud voice, calling out from the ship,

“© Boat ahoi!’”

“The fisherman rose in the stern of the
boat, and answered to the call. He found
that they wanted him to go on board the
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 33

ship, and sell them some fish. The fisher-
man was very glad to sell some of his fish,
because he wanted the money; but the ship
was some distance off, and as she lay dead
to windward, he could not think of sailing
there ; so he took in his sail, and put out a
couple of oars, one on each side, and began
to pull for the ship.

‘“‘ Jock and his father had now exchanged
seats; for the fisherman himself took his
place upon one of the thwarts, to row, and
so Jock went to the helm. He sat down
and took hold of the tiller.”

‘What is the t/ler?” asked Rollo.

‘It is the handle of the rudder, that you
steer by. So Jock took hold of the handle
of the rudder, and asked his father if he
might steer.”

“¢ Yes,’ said the fisherman. ‘ Look out
well, and keep her head exactly towards the
ship.’

“So Jock took the helm, and began to
steer ; he found if he put the helm one way,
the head of the boat immediately went the
other; and so he soon learned to put the
helm the contrary way to that which he
wished to turn the boat to. By and by he
said,
34 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

 

“¢ Father, we are coming up pretty near
the ship; how shall I stop? or we shall
run against her.’

“The fisherman looked over his shoulder,
—for you know, in rowing, a man sits back-
wards, —and then said,

“<P 1 tell you when you get near enough,
and then you must put the helm hard a-port,
and that will carry the head of the boat
round, and bring us up alongside.’

“So they went on, the fisherman looking
over his shoulder occasionally, and at last,
just as they were coming up to the ship, he
called out to Jock,

“ «Helm a-port ; — hard a-port.’

« So Jock crowded the tiller hard a-port,
and his father, at the same moment, drew in
his oars, and rose from his seat, and stepped
to the bows. The boat came rapidly round,
and swept finely up alongside of the ship.

«“¢Well done, my little pilot,’ said the
men in theship. ‘ You brought the boat up
alongside like an old sailor.’

“<¢My father told me how,’ said Jock.

“¢That’s right, my boy,’ said ore of the
men; ‘always obey your father ; especially
when he’s captain to boot.’

 
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 35

“¢He is not captain,’ said Jock.

“Isn't he?’ said the sailor. ‘Who
commands that craft you sail in, then?
Do you?’

“The sailors laughed heartily at this, and
Jock looked somewhat confused. 'The fish-
erman himself smiled. He was busy all
this time fastening the painter to some part
of the ship, and then he began to trade with
the sailors for his fish. 'They bought a good
many of them, and the fisherman put the
money in his pocket: still he had an abun-
dant store left besides. He was very glad
of this sale, for he did not very often get so
good an opportunity to sell his fish so well.
Finally, when the sailors had bought all
they wanted, the fisherman said he must put
off, or he should be very late home, there
was so little wind. .

“<¢Mhere is more wind coming,’ said one
of the sailors, in a red cap, who stood lean-
ing over the bulwark towards the boat.
‘We are going to have a squall off from the
land.’

“You know what a squall is,” said Jonas,
*T suppose.”

“Not exactly,’ said Rollo.
36 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

“It is a gust of wind, that comes up sud-
denly, and blows very hard.”

‘‘ What made the sailor think there was
going to be a squall?” asked Rollo.

“QO, he saw some clouds over the land in
the west, and thought a thunder gust was
coming up. The fisherman looked that
way, and thought so too. But there was
now quite a pretty little breeze springing up,
which blew towards the land, and so they
made all sail for the shore.”

“Tf the wind was blowing towards the
shore,” said Rollo, “it would blow the
clouds all away from them.”

‘One would think so,” said Jonas; ‘ but
squalls and thunder-clouds very often come
up against the wind.

‘They moved along very slowly, and by
the time they had gone on a mile, there was
a broad, black cloud, rising in the west. ‘The
sun went behind it, and it began to look as
if night was pretty near. Still they went
on, for the breeze was fair, as it blew directly
in towards shore, though the cloud kept
rising higher, and coming out more and
more over the water. Jock eyed the cloud
for some time, and at last he saw a faint
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 37

flash of lightning behind it. ‘Then he heard
a sound of distant thunder; and a minute
after he said,

“«Father, isn’t there going to be a
storm ?? 3

“¢A squall; but that won’t do any
harm. It may make us a little later
home.’

“The cloud came swelling on, and it
lightened and thundered more and more.
Presently the wind all died away, and left —
the sail of the boat hanging idly at the mast.
They were now not very far from the mouth
of the bay, and the fisherman thought he
could pull in with his oars. So he furled
his sail, and got out his oars again, looking
- occasionally over his shoulder to see how he
got along.

‘‘Presently he stopped rowing, and looked
steadily a few minutes at the land, as if he
. saw something singular.”

‘What did he see?” said Rollo.
‘He saw the trees waving, and dust fly-

ing, which made him think there was going» .

to be a heavy squall. So he said he must

put the boat’s head the other way ; and he

just had time to get her round, and his oars
A
38 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

in, when the squall struck them with great
fury.

“he boat begun to scud before it pretty
rapidly, when Jock said, ‘ Why, father, you
are going right away from home.’

“¢ Yes,’ said his father ; ‘ but this will not
last long.’

“¢Why don’t you anchor, father,’ said
Jock, ‘and so stop the boat till the squall
blows over ?’

“¢ Tt is too deep to anchor here,’ said he.

“¢ How do you know it is too deep?’
said Jock; and he tried at the same time to
look over the side.

“¢Take care,’ said his father, very quickly ;
‘there goes your cap;’ and before Jock had
time to put his hand to his head, away went
his cap flying through the air; and at length
it fell into the water, at some distance ahead
of them. The wind was blowing almost a
hurricane, roaring over the water, and howl-
ing and whistling among the ropes of the
boat. The boat was scudding very rapidly
on, and soon overtook the cap ; and the fish-
erman hooked it up with the boat-hook, and
took it in. <j

“The cap was of course completely
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 39

drenched with water; but this was of no
great consequence, for it soon began to rain
in torrents, and as there was very little
shelter, they were both soon pretty well wet
through. But this was not the worst of it;
for it became so thick with the rain falling,
and the mist and spray, that they began to
be afraid they should lose sight of the shore,
as they were going farther and farther away
from it. But fortunately the wind soon
lulled, so that the fisherman thought he
might get up his sail again, and head to-
wards the shore.”

‘Yes, but the wind was blowing off of
the shore,” said Rollo; “and so he could
not sail back home.”

“Yes, he could,” said Jonas. ‘ They
have a curious way of fixing the sail so as
to go towards the land, even when the wind
is blowing off from it. They can’t go ez-
actly against the wind, but nearly against
it ;— they call it sailing near the wind.

“So the fisherman got his sail up, and
brought the head of the boat up to the wind,
and began to edge along towards the shore,
in a slanting direction. But it now began
to grow dark pretty fast, and very soon he
40 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

lost sight of the land entirely. Then he did
not know what to do.”

“Why, keep on straight,” said Lucy,
‘and he would come to the land by and
by.”

“He could not tell whether he was going
straight or not,” said Jonas; “he could not
see any thing but water all around him; so
he had nothing to judge by but the wind,
and he soon began to suspect the wind was
shifting. 'The lightning and thunder grad-
ually ceased, and so did the violence of the
wind and rain. In fact, the thunder shower
seemed to turn into a steady rain storm.
The fisherman beat about for an hour or
more, but could not find any signs of land.
And now he began to feel pretty seriously
alarmed about little Jock ; for he was very
wet and cold, and he feared that they must
stay out all night; and though he knew that
he could stand it, himself, very well, he was
afraid that Jock would perish from cold and
exposure.

“In the mean time, the winds and waves
increased, and the water began to dash over
the bows of the boat, and come aboard.
After a while so much had come in, that the
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. Al

fisherman began to bale it out, and he set
Jock to baling too, thinking that the exercise
might help to keep him warm. Jock baled
industriously a long time, but at length he
got almost exhausted ; and as the waves in-
creased, the water came in rather faster than
they both could bale it out. It was now
very dark ; and all the hope the fisherman
had of saving their lives was, that they might
be pretty near the land, and might suddenly
come to it.”

“And were they pretty near?” asked
Rollo.

“No,” said Jonas, “they were more than
ten miles from land, and going farther and
farther away.”

‘““O, dear me!” said Rollo; “then poor
little Jock was drowned.”

“No,” said Jonas, “for just as they were
about giving up in despair, Jock, who was
looking out for’ard, cried out suddenly,

““< Why, father, what is here ??

“The fisherman looked out eagerly, and
saw, just before them, on the larboard bow,
a large, dark mass; and a moment after, as
_ they were rapidly approaching it, he per-

| ceived that it was the hull of a vessel. He
4*
42 THE FISHERMAN’S BOY.

called out immediately, as loud as he could,
«¢ Ship, ahoy !’

“JTmmediately a man in a red cap ap-
peared at the bulwarks, and answered.
The fisherman soon perceived that it was
the same ship that he had visited some hours
before. He brought his boat alongside, and
secured it, and he and Jock went aboard.

“The ship was at anchor. They found
that the wind had shifted soon after the squall,
and blew so heavily that they thought it
most prudent to come to anchor. They
were very glad to receive the fisherman, and
especially little Jock, safe on board. ‘The
sailors were very kind to the little pilot, as
they called him. ‘They rigged him up in
their own trousers and jackets. ‘They were
a great deal too big, it is true ; but then they
were warm and dry, and Jock was very glad
to get them on, in exchange for his own wet
and cold clothes. He cut a very comical
figure down in the forecastle, with a great
shaggy pea-jacket over him, the long sleeves
hanging down his sides. After the sailors
had done laughing at him, they put him into
a berth, and it was not long before he was
sound asleep.
THE FISHERMAN’S BOY. 43

“The next morning, very early, he put
on his own clothes, which his father had
taken care to dry, and then went up on
deck. On looking over the side of the ship,
he found that his father had just finished
baling out his boat and getting ready to set
sail. The sky was clear, and the wind fair.
The sailors wanted to buy some more of his
fish, but the fisherman would not take any
pay for them. When he had given them as
much as they wanted, he thanked them for
taking such good care of him and Jock ; and
then, both getting into their boat, they put
off from the ship, and made sail for the
shore. They had a rapid run, and got into
the bay just after sunrise. ‘T’he tide was
going in, and that helped them on the faster ;
and just as the fisherman’s wife had got her
breakfast ready, and came to the door to see
if she could see any thing of them, she found
them, to her great joy, just fastening the
boat to old Lookout.”

Here Jonas paused, and, drawing up the
reins, began to drive the horse a little faster.
“Ts that all?” said Rollo.
“Yes,” said Jonas, “that is all.”
AA

THE QUESTION

Jonas finished his story just as they
reached the foot of a long, winding hill.
The road was smooth, and not very steep;
but there was a forest on both sides, and as
it was now towards evening, the road was
very shady and still. Now and then the
children caught a glimpse of the carryall,
which was far in advance of them, going
slowly up the hill. Jonas said that as he
had a pretty heavy load, he believed he
would walk up; and so he put the reins into
Rollo’s hands, and then stepping down care-
fully upon the thill, he leaped off to the side
of the road.

“Tt was a pretty good story, after all,”
said Lucy to Rollo, when they were alone.

‘So it was,’’ said Rollo.

“Tf there hadn’t been so many sea
phrases,” continued Lucy.

‘ But then it is very useful for us to un-
THE QUESTION. A5

derstand the sea phrases, because you know,
Lucy, we may go to sea some day our-
selves.”

“ T never shall, if I can help it,” said
Lucy.

“ J mean to,” said Rollo; “I should like ~
to go to sea very much.”

“Perhaps you will,” said Lucy; ‘and it
may be very well for a boy to learn about
sea phrases; but I don’t think it will be of
any use to a girl.”

In fact, Rollo and Lucy got quite intoa
discussion about the desirableness or unde-
sirableness of going to sea, and understand-
ing sea customs and phrases ; and before they
got to the top of the hill, they determined
to refer the questions to Rollo’s father. As
it happened, they had an opportunity to do
this pretty soon; for when they arrived
near the summit of the hill, they saw that
the carryall was waiting for them. Rollo’s
father had turned a little out of the road, so
as to allow the wagon to come up alongside,
as the fisherman would have said. When
they came up, he called to Jonas, and pointed
forward, and asked him if he saw a spire of
a church away off there several miles.
46 THE QUESTION.

Jonas looked a minute in the direction
indicated, without answering, when Rollo
suddenly exclaimed,

“T see it, Jonas, right on the larboard
bow.”

Jonas smiled, and then said that he saw it.

“Close by that church,” said Rollo’s
father, ‘‘is the tavern where we want to
stop to-night. Rollo and Lucy may now
get in with us, and you may drive on be-
fore us, and tell them we are coming, so
that they may be getting ready for us.”

This change was accordingly made, and
very soon Jonas was trotting briskly on,
down the long slope before them; the rest
following at a more moderate pace, in the
carryall. They had come out of the forest
at the top of the hill, and now were travel-
ling through a pleasant country of fields,
and orchards, and farm-houses.

‘Jonas has been telling you about ships
and the sea, I suppose,’’ said Rollo’s father.

‘Yes, father; and Lucy and I had a ques-
tion whether it is useful for girls to know
any thing about such things.” ~

“You know girls don’t go to sea,” said
Lucy.
THE QUESTION. 47

“Yes, they do, sometimes,” said Rollo.

“Well, if they do,” said Lucy, “ they have
nothing to do with managing the ship.”

“T am afraid you don’t, either of you,
want to know what my opinion is,” said
Rollo’s father.

“Why, yes, we do,” said they both.

‘‘It seems to me, on the other hand, that,
instead of wishing to get my opinion, you
are each endeavoring to make me adopt your
own.”

The children were silent. They per-
ceived that it was as Rollo’s father had rep-
resented: what each really wanted was the
victory, not the truth.

“Now,” continued Rollo’s father, ‘I am
rather in a delicate situation; for I should
like very well to talk with you about this
subject ; but if I should say I thought such
knowledge was useful for a girl, that would
be giving you a triumph, Rollo, and it would
hurt Lucy’s feelings ; and on the other hand,
if I say it is not useful, it will give her a
triumph, and hurt yours.” |

The children were silent. In fact they
did not know what to say.

“It is not polite or kind for friends to get
A8 THE QUESTION.

into such a condition, in respect to each other,
where one or the other must be made to
suffer.”

Here he paused, and the children were
silent and thoughtful.

‘Well, uncle,” said Lucy, “I give up.
Rollo is right, I know; for all knowledge is
useful.” .

“There, that is a good girl,” said her
uncle; “that relieves me of all my diffi-
culty. I think Rollo és right myself; for
though ladies never have actually to man-
age a ship, and seldom take long voyages,
yet they sail in boats and ships, and still
more frequently they are on the sea coast,
or in seaport towns, where they see or hear
of them. ‘Then there is another advantage
more important still.”

‘“‘ What is that?” said Lucy.

“In your general reading, you will be
very often meeting with the more common
sea phrases, and allusions to the more im-
portant and striking evolutions of a ship;
and sometimes the whole interest of a de-
scription will depend upon your understand-_
ing them. For instance, you are reading a -
book of voyages, and perhaps it gives an

   
THE QUESTION. 49

account of a peculiar difficulty the ship got
into upon a savage coast. Now, unless you
know something about the movements of a
ship, you cannot understand the difficulty at
all.”?

Here Rollo’s mother said she should like
to understand about a ship very much; and
she wished his father would get a littie
model of one, some time, all rigged complete,
and explain all the parts to them.

‘OQ, I wish you would, father,” said Rollo.
“Can you?”

‘‘ Perhaps I can,” said his father. “ Sail-
ors make such models sometimes on long
voyages, and then sell them, when they
get ashore. Perhaps Jonas could rig one for
us.”

Rollo determined to ask him, and then,
after riding on a little farther, he asked his
father to tell them something more about
ships.

“Very well,” said his father, “I will.

“Jonas told you that the side that the
wind blows from is called the windward side,
and the other the leeward.”

“Yes, sir,” said Rollo.

“The windward side is also called the

5
50 THE QUESTION.

weather side, because that is most exposed
to the weather. ‘The bow on the weather
side is called the weather bow. And so
they say the weather beam, and the weather
quarter. So the parts on the other side are
called the lee bow, the lee beam, and the
lee quarter.”

“Now, suppose you were sailing in a ship
at sea, and were to come in sight of rocks,
which would be the most dangerous place
for them, on the lee bow, or the weather
bow, do you think ?”

“T’m sure I don’t know,” said Rollo.

“The lee bow would be the most dan-
serous place, because, as the ship was moving
on, the wind would blow right towards
them; but if the rocks were any where on
the weather side, there would be scarcely
any danger, because the wind would blow
from them, towards the ship, and so she could
easily go away from them.”

“Yes, sir,” said Lucy, ‘‘ I understand.”

“You often hear of a lee shore, in books ©

of voyages: it means a shore to leeward of
the ship, and of course the wind tends to
blow the ship towards it; and if the wind
is heavy, a ship, in such a case, is in great

I |

P ) oe
THE QUESTION. 51

danger. It is a terrible thing to get upona
lee shore in a heavy gale of wind.”

“Can’t they anchor?” said Rollo.

‘Sometimes they can; but then there is
great danger that the wind and sea will be
so powerful as to drag the anchor along the
bottom, or part, that is, break, the cable; and
then the ship goes inevitably on to the rocks,
and is dashed to pieces by the tremendous
waves. I have seen pictures of ships upon
a lee shore.”

“So have I,” said Lucy; “ but I did not
understand what it meant, only I saw there
was a ship, and some waves and rocks.”

‘““And I suppose you did not take much
interest in it. But now, if you were to see
one, you would examine it with great care.
You would be interested to notice that the
wind was actually blowing towards the
shore, and that the ship was in great danger
of going upon it. You would look to see if
they had an anchor out, and if so, whether
the cable was strained tight, so as to be in
danger of breaking by the force of the winds
and waves.”

“I should like to see one again, very
much,” said Lucy.
52 THE QUESTION.

“That is one great advantage of knowl-
edge; it enables you to take a great deal
more interest and pleasure in any thing you
see. ‘There is no object so dull and unin-
teresting that, if you knew ll about it, you
would not take a pleasure in seeing it.”

‘QO, father!” said Rollo.

“It is true,” said his father. “If you
don’t think so, you may name any object
you think entirely uninteresting, and let me
tell you something about it, and then see if
you don’t take an interest in looking at it.”

“Well,” said Rollo, looking around, —
‘a fence.”

“Very well, a fence. I will tell you
about fences, and see if it does not awaken
an interest in seeing fences, and examining
them.”

“Q, father,” said Rollo, “I don’t believe
it will.”

“We will try to-morrow ; but we shall not
have time to-night ; for we are now pretty
near the tavern.”

In the mean time, Jonas had gone on, as
he had been directed, and had reached the
little church. Just beyond it, he saw a
THE QUESTION. 53

small house, neatly painted, and with green
blinds, and having a small tavern-sign hang-
ing from a great elm in front of it. Across
the road was a large stable, with a shed
attached to it» He drove his wagon into
the shed, and a man came out of the stable
and took his horse.

Jonas told him that a gentleman and
lady and two children were coming on, and
wanted to stop there for the night, and
asked him if they could have chambers.
The tavern-keeper said he should be very
glad to accommodate them.

“ What is his name?” said he.

“Mr. Holiday,” said Jonas.

A great many children, who. have read
these books, have wanted very much to
know the name of Rollo’s father; but I do
not know when or how they would have
found out, if the tavern-keeper had not
happened to ask Jonas. x

The tavern-keeper said he should be very
glad to entertain Mr. Holiday, and accord- —
ingly went in and gave directions for having
Some rooms opened and aired, and also asked
his wife in the kitchen to begin to get tea.

A*
54 THE QUESTION.

That evening, after tea, the children
amused themselves in drawing the shape of
a ship upon a small piece of paper, and
wniting opposite the several parts the va-
rious names, according to the information
which Jonas had given them.

 
—

55

SOBER JOHN.

“Soper Joun,” said Jonas, when they got
all ready for a story the next day, “lived at.
his father’s house, which was about half a_
mile from the village. He had several
brothers and sisters, some older, and some
younger than himself. His father’s house
was large and pleasant, with trees on each
side of it, and a garden behind. Beyond the
garden was a field, and in one part of the
field was a long hill, descending to a small
pond at the bottom. They used to sail
boats upon this pond in summer, and skate
upon it in winter. 5

John was not much of a hand at play.
He preferred staying in the house, reading,
or drawing, or working about something or
other at his desk. He had a little room,
which he had fixed for himself up stairs, —
where his father used to let him have a lit- *
tle fire Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, —
when there was no school, because he pre-
 

-. &6 SOBER JOHN.

ferred staying there to going out to play
' with his brothers and cousins. Did [ tell
you about his cousins ? ”

*No,”’ said Rollo, “not a word.”

“He had some cousins, who lived in the
next house, at a short distance through the
trees. And his cousins and his brothers used
to play together a great deal; but it was very
seldom that they could get John to play
with them, and so they called him Sober
_ John. But they liked him very much,
notwithstanding.”

“Why?” said Rollo.

‘Because he was always very kind to
them ; and then he often contrived plays for
the other boys, and helped them plan a great
_ many things they never would have thought
__ of without him. He was excellent in plan-
hing and calculating. He learnt it out of
his books.

_ “The boys often came to him, when they
* got tired of all their plays, for some new
- amusement, and he generally contrived
* something for them.”
i “What kind of plays did he contrive ?”
_ asked Lucy.
_  “O, TI don’t know,” said Jonas, “ all kinds,

  

 
SOBER JOHN. 57

For instance, one night all his cousins were
at his father’s house, to spend the evening
together in play. He staid with them a
short time after tea, and then went off to his |
room. By and by they had played every
thing they could think of, and so they sent
two of his cousins up to his room, to ask
him what they should do next. He told
them to go and get all the lamps in the
house, and light them, and give each boy
and girl one, and then let them walk about
the room, and each one try to blow the others’
lamps out, and to see who could keep his
Jamp burning the longest ; — only every one
must go and sit down as soon as his own
lamp was blown out. They went and got
the lamps, and tried it, and found it excellent
fun. They afterwards asked John what
made him think of that play, and he said he
found an account of it in a book of travels
in Italy. In fact, he had all sorts of ways
of helping them in their plays. He made
their kite frames, and told them how to rig
their ships, and covered their balls, and
drew little pictures for them, and did a
thousand things ; and so they liked him very
well, although they did call him Sober John.
58 SOBER JOHN.

“When he did any thing for them, how-
ever, he was very strict in his conditions.”

“Conditions?” said Rollo. “What con-
ditions ?”’

‘“‘ Why, he never allowed them to play in
his room, or talk loud there. When they
came in to see him, he always made them
be still, and stand quietly, and talk one at a
time. ‘Then he was very particular about
their obeying his directions exactly, when-
ever he gave them any thing to do.”

“Why, did he make them work?” said
Rollo, with a tone of some surprise.

“No,” said Jonas; ‘I mean when he
undertook to plan any amusement for them.
he was very particular in having each do
just what he said, in executing it. If they
made any objections or complaints, or if any
one did not like to do his part, he would
stop at once, and leave them to find their
own amusement.

“ But I must come to my story. One
winter evening, the boys came in from their
play about dark, and as it was a little before
tea-time, they sat down in a corner by the
fire. John was sitting on the other side
telling a story to his little sister, about two

 

 

 
SOBER JOHN. 59

years old, who was sitting in hislap. After
he had finished his story, the boys wanted
him to tell them what to do the afternoon of
the next day; because it was Wednesday,
and there was to be no school. John told
them they had better slide down hill, for it
was now capital sliding, he said, on the hill
side beyond the garden. The boys said
they had not sleds enough. Their cousins
were coming over to see them, and there
were only two good sleds among them all.
John then said he would think, and he took
his pencil out of his pocket, and got a small
piece of paper, and began to make calcula-
tions and drawings; but he would not let the
boys see what he was doing. At last, when
the supper was coming in, he told them he
had contrived a plan, but it would cost some
money, perhaps two dollars, though it would
last along time. ‘Now,’ said he, ‘there are
you four, and your four cousins make eight ;
that is a quarter of a dollar apiece. Now,
if you have a mind to put in a quarter of a
dollar apiece, and obey my instructions, I
will see what I can do.’

“The boys were very eager to know what
the plan could be ; but John said he couldn’t

-.

 
60 SOBER JOHN.

tell them, but that they might go over the
next morning, and see if their cousins were
willing to furnish a quarter of a dollar apiece.

“They agreed to do so; and just before
school they came over each with a quarter
of a dollar in his hand. The way they got
their money was this: The boys used to
work sometimes, and their fathers paid
them, and thus they had all laid up quite a
sum of money; and they used to take from
this whenever they wanted any money to
carry into execution any of John’s plans.
Their fathers allowed them to spend it in
any way that John recommended, for they
had confidence in him; but in other cases
they were not allowed to expend any of it,
without their father’s or mother’s leave.

“When they went to school that morning,
they found that John had gone on before
them ; and, watching him, they observed that
he went into a carpenter’s shop, with a paper
in his hand. So they supposed that he was
going to get the carpenter to make some-
thing, and that the paper was a drawing of
it; for John had learned to draw, and al-
ways made a drawing of any curious thing
he wanted to have made.

 
is
|

SOBER JOHN. 61

* At noon, after dinner, John went out in
the shed, and took down a rope which he
had prepared, about ten feet long, and with
short cross-pieces of wood curiously spliced
into it, at equal distances, about two feet
apart, for handles to take hold of. He let
the two smallest boys take hold of the one
at the end, and the others came along in
pairs, at the other handles.» When he had
done, he said, ‘ There! there is a fine team
of horses! Now trot off to the carpenter’s,
and hook on to the jolly-boat he has got
made for you.’

“The boys started off in high glee.
When they got to the carpenter’s, they found
there a very long sled, with thin plank run-
ners, and a curious contrivance at the end
behind.”

“What was it?” said Rollo, eagerly.

“A kind of a rudder,” said Jonas.

“A rudder!” said Rollo; ‘ what, to steer
by ? 9

“Yes,” said Jonas. ‘It was a single
runner reaching out behind, in the middle.
It was fastened to a round bar which came
up through the end of a sled, and had a kind

Pad a handle at the top, so that it could move

6
62 SOBER JOHN.

  

one way or the other, and so steer the sled
like a rudder.

‘The boys hooked on to their jolly-boat,
as John had called it, and trotted home with
it. It went smoothly and beautifully over
the ice and snow.

‘“‘ When they came home, John came
down to look at the jolly-boat. He ex-
amined the rudder some time thoughtfully,
and then said, ‘ Yes, I think that will steer.
Now, boys, who'll be pilot?’

“¢T <7? ¢7,? said Arthur, and James, and
Samuel ; and ‘I,’ and ‘I,’ said Frank and
Thomas. In fact, they all said ‘I,’ except
little George, who found that there were
so many candidates for the office, that he
stood quietly by, keeping hold of one end
of the rope, as if he thought it was useless
to put in his claim.

‘“¢Vou must take turns being pilot,’ said
John, ‘and we will begin with the young-
est. George, you shall be pilot first.’

“¢T!? said George ; and he began to clap —
his hands in high gle.

‘“¢¢ Now I suppose,’ said John, ‘I had better.
go out and shgav you how to steer.’ So
he very deliberately took his seat upon ,

 
SOBER JOHN. 63

the sled, and told the boys to haul him
along.

“'The boys grasped the string again, and
began to pull and prance like so many
young ponies. They trotted through the
garden gate, which was always open in the
winter, and down through the great pear-
tree alley, until at length, out through the
back gate, they came to the top of the hill.

“The coast, as the boys called their sli-
ding place, was well worn and smooth, and
there had been, just before, a rain and a frost
after it, which had made the road almost as
hard and smooth as ice, and the pond was
covered with ice from one end to the other.
John stopped the jolly-boat at the top of the
hill, and drew back therope. He placed him-
self at the stern, and took hold of the tiller.

““¢Now,’ said John, ‘who takes passage
with me to the Mediterranean ? ’

‘Some of the boys were at first afraid to
get on; but at length they all concluded to
venture, and they arranged themselves one
before the other, little George behind, so
that he might learn how to steer. When
all was ready, they tried to start it off, the
boys all working their heels in the snow, to
64 SOBER JOHN.

get it a-going, like so many legs of a centi-
pede. Presently the jolly-boat began to
move of itself, though at first slowly. It,
however, soon began to gather headway, and
at length went bounding along over every
swell and hollow, like a ship in a gale of
wind. John kept her exactly in the track,
until at length they reached the bottom of
the hill, and then it came down upon the
pond like an arrow. But now, as the ice
was perfectly smooth, the rudder could not
get any hold, and so the jolly-boat gradually
broached to .

‘““O dear!” said Lucy; ‘there are all your
old sea-phrases again.”

“QO, I forgot,” said Jonas, smiling. “I
did not. mean to give you any more sea-
phrases, but, somehow or other, telling
about the fisherman has brought them all
into my head. But, Lucy, I will try, in my
next story, not to have a single sea-phrase
from beginning to end.”

‘OQ, no matter about it,” said Lucy.

‘Well, the jolly-boat slewed round, and
went sideways, the boys all hanging back,
and expecting every minute that it would
go over.

 
 

 

SOBER JOHN. 65

“¢ Steer! steer, John!’ cried out Arthur ;

‘why don’t you steer?’

“Just at that moment the jolly-boat had
wheeled almost entirely around, and had
arrived at the opposite side of the pond.
The end of one of the runners struck the
snow of the shore gently, and it stopped,
and the boys all jumped off, laughing hear-

tily, and all eager to go up and try it again. —

They accordingly hooked on the rope again,
and pulled away, and were soon ready for
another slide. John then said he would
leave them to manage for themselves.
“You won’t steer very well,’ said he, ‘ at first,
and, in fact, you may get some capsizings;
but you must be all the merrier for it.’

‘““And now I must have some sea-phrases -

to tell the rest,” said Jonas.
“Very well,” said Lucy.

“The next time they tried it, George took ©
the helm, and they went on very correctly |

half way down; but then they began to run
off the track to the left.
““<'Take care! take care!’ said James.

“¢ Hi—yi, hi—yi!’ said Thomas, half |

Screaming, half laughing.
¢ Steer, George, steer!’ said Frank.
6 *

&.
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a
een Re ee
: a 1, ee
rat Z. as eS
xa oot © wets

66 SOBER JOHN.

“¢Helm a-port! George, hard a-port!’ |

cried Arthur.

‘But George, in his confusion, instead
of putting the helm a-port, only crowded
it harder and harder a-starboard, and this
carried the jolly-boat short about to the
Jeft. It balanced itself a moment upon the
edge of a knoll, and then went over, tum-
bling the boys head over heels down .the
snow-bank.”

“Did it hurt them?” said Rollo.

‘Not much; they soon had the jolly-boat
to the top of the hill again, and before night
they got to have such skill in steering that
they could keep her exactly in the track
until they got to the bottom of the hill, and
strike the ice upon the pond so exactly true,

_ that they would shoot across from shore to

shore, as straight as an arrow.”’

Here Jonas stopped, as if the story was
ended. Rollo then asked him what made
Sober John think of such a plan as that.

“Why,” said he, “he had been reading {

about an ice-boat that day, which sails about
on the ice, with three runners, the hinder
one movable like a rudder.”

 
 

 

 

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SOBER JOHN. 69

“ Why would not the jolly-boat steer, then,
on the ice?”

‘“ Because,” said Jonas, “her rudder was
of wood. In an ice-boat the rudder is of
iron, and so takes hold of the ice better, like
a skate-iron.”’

“ Yes,” said Rollo; ‘I understand it
now.”
70

THE PREVARICATION STORY.

One day, as Jonas and the children were
riding along, they observed upon one side
of the road, among some trees at a little
distance, a small farm-house, with several
sheds and small barns near it, and among
the rest a large barn which rose above all
the other buildings.

‘What a great barn!” said Rollo.

“Yes,” said Jonas; ‘‘ that barn makes me
think of the Prevarication story.”

Q, tell it to us,” said Lucy ; “come, we
are all ready for another story.”

“ Very well,” said Jonas, “I will.

"I‘here was once a farmer who had two
boys, and it gave him a great deal of trouble
to make them come home in season, when
he sent them away of errands. Like many
other boys, they had a sad habit of loitering
and playing by the way. Sometimes he
would send them off a short distance, for

 

|
|
;

Te ee a
THE PREVARICATION STORY. 71

something which he wanted very much, and
they would get to playing by the way, and
keep their father waiting for it two hours.
So, when their mother sent them to the
store, in the afternoon, they would be gone
till night, and sometimes not get home until
it was so late and dark, that she began to be
afraid that some accident had happened to
them. ‘Then, when they came home, and
she asked them what made them so late,
they would say that they went ‘as soon as
they could.’ That was what they almost
always said, that they went as soon as they
could.”’

‘And so they told a lie, as well as dis-
obeyed,” said Rollo.

“Why, not exactly ; for they loitered in
such a way that they hardly knew them-
selves how much time they wasted. ‘They
would go along very briskly a few steps, and
then stop to talk about something which
they picked up in the street, or to sit down
by the side of the road, or to talk with boys;
and then the time slipped away a great deal
faster than they supposed. Sometimes they
really stopped to play, and then they gener-
ally acknowledged it, if their father ques-
72 THE PREVARICATION STORY.

an absolute lie.
“ At last, their father had to punish them,

and he did so once or twice, and determined
to do it more and more severely until this —

bad habit was broken up. While things
were in this state, their father told them, one
day, he wanted theif to go over to a neigh-

bor’s house at some distance, and lead a_

heiferthere. A heifer, you know, is a young
cow. ‘he farmer had fastened a_ halter
around the heifer’s neck, and then put the

end of the halter into the boys’ hands, for
them to lead her by. He charged them not |

to stop to play, but to come directly home,

and to bring the halter with them. So, one —

of the boys took hold of the halter and led
the heifer along, and the other walked by
his side.

“They did not stop to play by the way
as they went, but led the heifer on directly.
When they got to the house, they turned
the heifer out, and took the halter to return
home. But, unfortunately, there were some
boys there, and they asked them to go out
into the barn yard with them. The boys
thought they would go a few minutes, and

1

tioned them closely; for they would not tell |

 
THE PREVARICATION STORY. 73

so they laid down the halter, and went.
They played in the barn yard some time,
amusing themselves particularly with a ram
which was there. The time passed away
very fast, and though they had a secret feel-
ing all the time that they were doing wrong,
they kept staying a little longer, and a little
longer. After some time, they caught the
ram, and then they thought it would be
capital fun to put the halter on him, and
lead him about as they had done the heifer.
So, one of the boys went and got the halter,
and then came the task of putting it on.
Some of them held the ram, grasping his
woolly sides with their hands; others slipped
_ the halter over his head, and contrived to
buckle it up, though it was a great deal too
big for him. The poor ram did not know
what to make of this usage, and he pulled
and struggled, and did his best to get free.
First, he drew back; then, he sprang for-
ward, the boys shouting around him, and
holding on to his sides, and to the halter.
Presently he shot ahead, the boys after him;
but he succeeded in getting clear, and with
a bound jerked away the halter from the
boy’s hand who held it, escaped from the
7
74 THE PREVARICATION STORY.

barn yard, and the next moment he was
galloping off away into the field, the halter
dangling by his side, and the boys after him —
in full ery.
“They soon gave up the pursuit, and then —
the two boys who had been sent with the
heifér began to be seriously alarmed. ‘They: |
had already staid a long time, and now they —
had lost the halter, and they did not dare to-
go home and face their father, without ob- —
taining it again. 'They had got themselves |
into serious trouble, and they felt really j
anxious and unhappy about it. It is bad_
enough to get into trouble in doing right ;_
but it is ten times worse when it comes by
doing wrong. '
“They now set themselves to catching |
the ram again ; but it was hard work.” |
‘How did they do it?” said Rollo.
“T don’t know,” said Jonas.
** Don’t know ?” |
‘No; Lonly know they tried to catch him’
some time, and finally they succeeded, and
got the halter. Perhaps they drove him
gradually up into a corner of the field, and
there surrounded him; or they may have:
all gone out beyond him, and drove him ©

   
 

 

 
THE PREVARICATION STORY. 77

back into the barn yard, and so penned him
up,and caught him there. At any rate, they
_caught him somehow or other, and got the
halter; and then the two boys, feeling guilty
and miserable, set out on their return home.

“They began to consider what they must
tell their father, and after some plotting and
planning, they concluded that they could
make out a tolerably good excuse, without
absolutely telling a lie. The story which
they concluded to tell was this, that they led
the heifer to the place as they were directed,
and that there some boys got the halter, and
put it upon a ram; and then that the ram got
away, and it took them a long time to catch
him again.

“This story, now, was all true; that is,
every thing stated in it was according to fact;
and yet the whole was meant to deceive,
and that is what they call prevarication.”

‘But how could it deceive, if it was all
true?”’ asked Lucy.

“Why, you see,” said Jonas, in reply,
“that they said some boys got the halter,
and that was true; but then they them-
selves proposed it, and helped put it on.
And then they said it took them a good

7%
78 THE PREVARICATION STORY.

derstand, that that was the reason why they
did not come home sooner ; but the truth was,
they had stopped to play a long time before
the ram got away with their halter. The
story was intended to make their father
believe that they were not much to blame ;
whereas they had been, very much to blame
indeed.”’

“Yes, I see,” said Rollo.

“It is very easy for boys to give a false
idea by telling what is, in itself, true; and
this is prevarication.”’ .

‘Is prevarication as bad as to tell a lie, up
and down?” asked Rollo.

“T think it is very bad,’’ replied Jonas.

“But is it as bad as lying?” persisted
Rollo.

‘Some folks think it is,’? said Jonas.

“But I want to know what yow think,”
said Rollo.

“T don’t know,” said Jonas; “you had
better ask your father.”

“I think it is just as bad,” said Lucy.

“TY will ask my father,” said Rollo.
“ But go on, Jonas,”

oh

while to catch the ram, and that was true —
too; but then they meant their father tq un-.
THE PREVARICATION STORY. 79

“In the mean time the boys’ father, after
waiting and waiting, and finding that night
was coming on, and. they did not return,
went out into the barn to do the work there,
necessary to be done before night, and which
the boys ought to have been at home to do.
While he was there, and doing their work, they
arrived, feeling very anxious and unhappy.
They went first into the house; there they
found their mother, and told her their story.
She was not satisfied with it, but said they
must go to their father in the barn. They
went accordingly into the barn, and there
repeated the excuse they had agreed upon.”

‘And what did their father say ?”’ asked
Rollo, eagerly.

‘He did not say any thing. The boys
observed that he looked displeased when
they first came in; but after they had told
their story, he seemed satisfied, and said no
more about it. He knew his boys would
not tell a lie, and he thought they were
honest in heart as well as in tongue, and did
not think of such a thing as their artfully
putting together a story, true in all its parts,
and yet false in the whole. So he believed
them, and by and by, when they went into
 

80 THE PREVARICATION STORY.

the house, their mother said, ‘ Well, it seems
the boys have staid again, when sent on an
errand;’ and he answered, ‘ Yes; but this
time they appear to have a good excuse.’
So the boys saw that their plan succeeded.”

‘And so they did not get punished?”
said Rollo.

‘Yes, they did get punished.”

“How?” said Rollo.

‘“‘ By the wretched feelings they endured
for a long time in thinking that they had
not only disobeyed their father, but had
abused the confidence he placed in their
honesty, and ungratefully and wickedly
deceived him. Suppose you had done so,
don’t you think you would suffer more from
thinking of it, than from any punishment
your father would have been likely to have |
inflicted ? ”

“Why, — yes,” said Rollo.

“These boys did. They could not help
thinking of it, and they felt very wretched
about it fora long time. They determined
that they would never be guilty of prevari-
cation again, for it seemed to them oa as
bad as lying.” :

“JT mean to ask my father if it was,” said —
THE PREVARIGATION STORY. 81

Rollo, “now ; so whip up, ome and let us
overtake him. ”

The carryall was at this time a quarter
of a mile ahead of the wagon, and Jonas, at
Rollo’s request, drove on to overtake it. The
back curtain of the carryall was up, and
Rollo’s mother, who happened to hear the
wagon wheels behind them, looked back,
and saw Rollo waving his hat for them to
stop. His father accordingly drew up by
the side of the road, and Rollo asked him to
let him and Lucy get into the carryall, for
he wished to ask him a question.

After they were seated, Rollo related the
story to his father, as Jonas had told it to
him; and then, in conclusion, he asked his
father if he thought prevarication was just
asbadaslying. “Lucy thinks it is,” said he.

“What does Jonas say?” said his father.

‘He won’t tell us what he thinks: he
says we must ask you.”

“Lucy,” said Rollo’s father, “do you
mean that you think it is fully as bad as
direct lying, or only nearly so?”

“Why, I think it is fully as bad; it seems
to me it is just the same thing.”

“It is much the same thing, in its nature,
82 THE PREVARICATION STORY.

Iadmit; but yet suppose those boys had
come home, and had said directly that the
other boys took away the halter from them
forcibly, notwithstanding all they could do |
to prevent it, immediately after they had got
to the house, —thus had told a deliberate
and positive lie, would not that have been a
little worse?”

“Why, yes, sir,” said Lucy; “it would
have been, certainly.”

‘“‘T think it would have been a little worse,
myself. But prevarication is a very great
sin, and must make any one miserable who
is guilty of it; and yet, wicked as it is,
wilful and deliberate lying is one step be-
yond it, in the career of depravity.”
83

GOING TO COURT.

A sHort‘time after that story was finished,
the whole party arrived at a small village, and
_ Stopped at a pleasant-looking tavern, where
they were going to have dinner. Rollo
went out into the stable with Jonas to see
them take care of the horses. The stable was
on the other side of the street, and as Rollo
walked across he looked up, and down, and
saw that it was a very pretty village, though
itwasvery small. There was but one street ;
but that had pleasant houses on each side.
There was one store at a little distance, with
Post-Orricr, in large letters over one of
the windows. Opposite the store was a
singular-looking building, in appearance be-
tween a meeting-house and a school-house.
It had a small cupola on the top, with a bell
in it. Rollo asked Jonas what it was ; and
Jonas said he thought it might be an academy.

When they got into the barn, the ostler
took the horses out of their harness, and led
 

84 GOING TO COURT.

them to a great tub, nearly full of water,
which stood there. He then took down a
great sponge, almost as big as Rollo’s head,
and began washing down one of the horse’s
legs and breast.

‘Ts his breast tender?’ said Jonas.

“No,” said the man, feeling of the flesh on
each side, where the collar pressed upon it ;
“no, it seems perfectly well. You must have
taken good care of these horses, if you have
travelled far.”

“Pye watched them pretty closely,” said
Jonas. “ This is a pleasant village of yours
here.”’

“« Why, it is not much of a place,” said the
ostler, taking up another great sponge full
of water out of the tub; —“ but it is a shire
town, and that brings us a little business in
court time.”

“O, then that building with the cupola is
the court-house ?”’

“Yes,” said the ostler; ‘‘did not you see
the jail beyond it?”

“No,” said Jonas, “I did not observe it.
Is court sitting now?”

‘‘No, it rose last week,” said the ostler.

in a short time the horses were both

 
GOING TO COURT. 85

washed and put into their places, and well
supplied with hay and oats. Jonas asked
Rollo if he should like to walk over and see
the court-house while they were getting
dinner ready. Rollo said ‘yes,’ of course,
and after obtaining his father’s leave, they
went along.

“What is a shire town, Jonas?” a
Rollo.

“It is a county town; that is, the one that
has the court-house of the county in it,”
said Jonas.

‘“T should not think this town was big
enough to have a _ court-house,’’ replied
Rollo. “I have seen a good many bigger
towns than this, that had no court-house.”

‘The court-house does not belong to the

town,” said Jonas; ‘it belongs to thé
county.”

“County!” said Rollo; “what is a
county ?”

“Tt is a good many towns united together,
and they have one court for all.”
‘““Which town do they have the court
in?” said Rollo.
“In some one near the middle, where
they can all come conveniently ; so that it
8
86 GOING Tu COURT.

very often happens that there are other towns
in the county larger than the one which has
the court-house in it.”

“What do they do in a court-house ?”’
said Rollo.

“QO, they try criminals, and they settle
disputes about land and money, and debts,
and all other disputes; and they keep a reg-
ular account of various things, such as all
the land that is sold, and all the wills, and
attend to making roads through the county,
and all such things. They have a jail near
to keep the prisoners safe in.”

Just then they came pretty near to the
court-house, and they saw a small stone
building behind it, with grated windows.
At one of the windows Rollo thought he
saw something moving, behind the grating.
It was rather dark in there, and they could
not see very well at first ; but, on looking
more attentively, they saw it was the face
of a man. He looked haggard and fierce,
with bushy hair and rough beard; after
looking out a minute or two, he disappeared.

‘Perhaps he is a murderer,” said Rollo,
looking alarmed.

“No,” said Jonas, “J don’t. think there
GOING TO CoURT. ~ 87

have been any murders committed here for
a long time ;— but he may be a thief, wait-
ing for his trial; or perhaps he is tried and
condemned, and is shut up there for pun-
ishment.”’

The boys walked on, and entered the
court-house, the front door being open.
They found themselves, when they had
entered, in a large entry, with several doors
on each side, leading to the several rooms,
and a large staircase in front. Over one
of the doors was a sign in large letters,
Reeister oF Deeps; over another, Pro-
BaTE Orrice; and there was a third,
with Counry Commissioners over it. Rollo
asked Jonas what these all meant; but Jonas
‘said he did not understand very well.

‘“‘T never was in a court-house but once
before,’ said Jonas, “‘and I do not under-
stand county business very well; but let us
go up stairs.”

‘Will they let us?” said Rollo, timidly,
and hanging back.

“Yes,” said Jonas, ‘I guess so: at any
rate we will try.”

Rollo, seeing that Jonas was going up,
boldly concluded to follow. The flight of
88 GOING TO COURT.

stairs turned at right angles once oF twice,
and then conducted them to a landing where
there was a large double door.

“This is the court-room, I suppose,” said
Jonas, taking hold of the latch of the door.

But he could not open it; it was locked.

The boys peeped through the key-hole,
and saw a sort of low, long pulpit at the
opposite end. In front of the pulpit was a
desk, with a seat behind. it.

“O, what a long pulpit!’ said Rollo.

“Pulpit!” said Jonas ; “that is not the
pulpit. That is the bench, where the judges
mt.” ;

“Js it?” said Rollo; ‘and what is that
desk before it?”

“That is where the clerks sit, and write
down every thing that is done in court.”

“Do they?” said Rollo; ‘what, every
thing ?”

“ Pretty much, I believe,” said Jonas.

Rollo could see some seats in the middle
of the floor of the court-house, through the
key-hole ; but he could not see at all, at the
sides, the key-hole was so small. Presently,
Jonas proposed that they should go up
another flight of stairs still, for there was

 
GOING TO COURT. 89

one leading to the story above. They did
so, and here they found a door which Jonas
opened, and he and Rollo walked in, and
found themselves in a little gallery of the
court-room, from which they could look
down upon the whole floor. They could
see the bench, and the desks, and the seats
for the lawyers in -front. These lawyers’
seats occupied almost the whole of the
middle of the court-room, and all of them
had little desks before them. Behind these
lawyers’ seats was a curious-looking sort of a
pew, with iron pickets all around the top of
it. Jonas said that was called the bar, where
they put the criminals when they were tried,
and that a man with a long pole stood at the
door of the pew, whenever prisoners were

there, to keep them from getting away.
Rollo found four more pews, as he called
them, in looking around the room. Two
were on each side, opposite to the lawyers’
desks, back against the wall. There was
an aisle between them and the lawyers’ seats.
They fronted in, towards the middle of the
room, so that those who sat in them would
face the lawyers, and almost face the judge.
S* |
90 GOING TO COURT.

Rollo asked what these were for, and Jonas
told him for the jury.

“What do the jury do?” said Rollo.

“©, they hear the evidence, and decide
whether the man is guilty or not.”

“ But I thought the judge decided,’’ said
Rollo.

“No, the judge decides about the law,
and he sees that the poor criminal has a fair
trial; but the jury decide whether he is guilty
or innocent. 'There are twelve men in a
jury. One jury sits in the seats on one side,
and the other on the other.”

“ What do they want two juries for?”
said Rollo.

“Why, while one has gone out to consider
one case, and decide it, the judge and the
lawyers can be going on with another.”

“ But the new jury might take the same
seats.”’

“No,” said Jonas, ‘‘it is more convenient
to have other seats, and then they can be
getting together before the others go out.”

Here the boys paused, and looked around
for some time ; and at length Rollo espied a
little platform near the jury seats, one on
each side, with a sort of railing in front of

 
GOING TO COURT. 91

it,as if for a person to lean upon. Jonas told
him that was the stand where the witnesses
stood while they were telling their stories.

‘“How curious it is!” said Rollo. “I
should like to hear a court.”

“Hear a trial, you mean,” said Jonas. “I
did, once.”

“Did you?’ said Rollo. “ Tell me about it.”

‘Not now,” said Jonas; ‘it is time for
us to go home; but perhaps I will this after-
noon, in the wagon.”

“ Well,” said Rollo, ‘ that will be capital ;
and I will tell Lucy all about the court-room
beforehand, and then she will understand the
story better.”

When they got back to the tavern, Rollo,
finding that dinner was not quite ready,
took Lucy to the window, and showed her
‘the court-house; and then he explained to
her all about the arrangement of the interior
of the court-room. He made a drawing
upon a piece of paper, and marked down
the judges’ bench, the clerk’s desk, the law-
yers’ seats, the jury seats, and the stand —
all in their proper places. Lucy was very
glad that Jonas was going to tell them a
story of a trial that afternoon.

i es ee es
92

THE TRIAL.

“ One day, as I was travelling through the
country with a horse and wagon of your
father’s, Rollo, — it was this very wagon, but
another horse, —I found the horse went
lame a little, about the middle of the fore-
noon. I drove on carefully, until I came to
a blacksmith’s shop, by the side of the road.
The blacksmith examined the horse’s foot,
and said it was nothing but some gravel that
had got under his shoe. So he took off the
shoe, and put it on again, and I drove on.
The horse went very well for an hour or
two, but then began to go lame again, and
his lameness increased very fast, until I
arrived at a pretty large village, where I
expected to stop to dinner.

“I drove directly to a blacksmith’s shop in
the village. It was quite a large shop, and
the master blacksmith seemed to be a very
good workman. He looked at my horse’s
foot, and said the shoe was not put on
THE TRIAL, 93

properly, but that he could easily fix it.
He told me, however, that the foot was quite
tender in one place, and that I had better
not drive him any farther that day, but let
him rest until the next morning,

‘‘I was in haste to get home; but still I
knew it was wrong to run the risk of doing
injury to the horse, and so I concluded to
wait there until the next day. I accord-
ingly drove to the tavern, put up the wagon,
and then led the horse back to the black-
smith’s, and left him there. When I returned
to the tavern, I asked them what time they
should have dinner. They told me, ‘Imme-
diately after the court rises.’ ‘What court ??
said I. ‘TI don’t know,’ said the girl who
was telling me; ‘it is the court that sits
in this place, every now and then.’ I asked
her where the court-house was, and she
pointed out to me a building with a cupola
upon it, in a little square among some trees
across a little common, opposite to the
tavern door.

“I sat down ona small bench under the
piazza before the front door, watching the
court-house. I saw people standing about
the doors, and sometimes one going in or

 
94 THE TRIAL.

coming out; but before long a great crowd
came pouring out together, and so I knew
the court had risen. The people went
away in different directions, though a con-
siderable number of them came across the
common, towards the tavern. At the same
time I heard a bustle in the house behind
me, and looking in at the entry, L saw them
carrying in the dinner, and going busily to
and fro.

“A minute or two after these people
reached the house, a bell rang in the entry,
and we all went in to dinner. The dinner-
table was very long. I never saw such a
long dinner-table. It reached through two
rooms, with great double doors between
them, which were opéned-so as to throw the
two rooms into one. I went in with the rest,
and took my seat. As I did not know any
body there, I did not talk much, but listened
to hear what the rest said. I could not
understand very well what they were talk-
ing about all the time; but just before the
dinner was ended, one man opposite to me
asked another man, whom he called Mr.
Sparr, whether there was not a criminal case
coming on that afternoon. Mr. Sparr said
THE TRIAL. 95

there was a man to be tried for stealing, he
believed. They talked a little more about
it, and I wanted very much to go and hear
the trial; but I did not know whether they
would let me in.

‘After dinner, I saw the man who said
there was going to be a trial, standing at the
door, and I asked him if any body might go
and hear the trial. ‘O, yes,’ said he, ‘ you can
go if you wish to.’ I then asked him what
it was that the man stole. He laughed, and
said that he did not know that he stole any
thing, but he believed he was accused of
stealing some spoons.”’

‘‘ What did he laugh for?” said Rollo.

“Why, I suppose, because I spoke as if
the man was certainly guilty, when -he had
not been tried. I asked him how soon the
court would begin, and he said in about half
an hour.

‘‘T then went over to see how the black-
smith was getting along with my horse. I
found him ready, and led him back to the
stable. Just as I had seen him comfortably
fixed there, with his oats and his hay before
him, I heard a bell tolling in a very curious
manner.”

 
96 THE TRIAL.

“ How?” interrupted Rollo.

“QO, it went ding-ding-ding-ding-ding-
ding, almost as fast as it could go. Iran
out to see what was the matter, and found
all the people going to court. I followed on.
We went across the common, and thence into
the court-house. I went in with the rest,
and stood near the door. After the judges,
and the clerks, and the lawyers were all
seated, and the room was pretty still, the
judge ordered the prisoner to be brought in.

“Mhen the sheriff went out for him. The
sheriff had a stout, painted pole in his hands,
and he had a little box or pew, where he sat
near the prisoner, when he had brought him
in, and put him at the bar.”

“Ts that the sheriff’s business ?’’ said Rollo.

“Yes,” replied Jonas. “ He has the care
of the prisoners, and brings them in, and
takes them out; and he keeps order in the —
court, and does other things which the judge —
wants to have done. ‘The sheriff went out,
and presently came in at a side door with —
the prisoner. He put him to the bar, and
then took his own place. .

“The prisoner was a poor-looking man ;
his name was Eben Daniell, and I thought
THE TRIAL. 97

he looked guilty before they began to try
him. However, they began soon; for pres-
ently a man, who sat pretty near the judge,
rose and read the indictment.”

“The indictment ! ” said Lucy; “ what is
that ? ”’

' “That is the accusation. It was quite a
long paper, accusing the man of breaking
into a house, and stealing six silver spoons.”

“Did he?—break into a house!” said
Rollo, in a tone of surprise.

‘That was what he was accused of doing,
in the indictment.”

‘How did you know they called it an
indictment ?” asked Lucy.

‘*O, I didn’t know then. I asked a man
in the evening, at the tavern, and he told me
all about it, and so a good many things which
I shall explain to you, as I go along, I did
hot understaad exactly, when I was in the
court, but learned about them afterwards.”

“Very well,” said Rollo, “go on.”

‘‘ After the indictment was read, a lawyer,
Who was sitting at one of the desks before
the judge, got up, and began to tell what the
criminal had done. He said he stole the
spoons, and carried them into another town

9
98 THE TRIAL.

to sell, and that he was going to prove it als
by witnesses.”

‘ Who was he?”’ asked Lucy; ‘‘and what
had he to do with it ?”

“He was the state’s attorney. You see
the government of the state choose a lawyer
to accuse criminals, and have them tried in
the courts, and then they find the witnesses,
and have them brought into court, and ask
them questions, so as to show the jury what
the man has done; and this man is called
the state’s attorney. So, you see, he first got
up and told the jury what his witnesses were
going to prove.

“ After he had done, the judge told him
to bring his witnesses on, and he said his
first witness was Richard Stone. So a cer-
tain officer of the court called Richard Stone,
and a man came forward and took his place
on the witness’s stand. Before he began,
the judge asked who was counsel for the
prisoner, and as the prisoner had none, the
judge appointed one for him.”

“What was that for?” asked Rollo.

“Why, common men don’t understand
courts, and would not know how to defend
themselves if they were accused there
THE TRIAL. 99

unjustly. So they generally get a law-
yer, who knows all about it,.to manage
their cause for them. The lawyer they em-
ploy is called their counsel. And when
they are poor, and cannot employ a lawyer,
or are so ignorant that they don’t know
any thing about it, the judge appoints some
one there to be their counsel. So the judge
appointed a counsel for the prisoner this time.”

‘‘ What was his name ?”

“Mr. Sparr,” said Jonas.

“What, the same man that you saw at
the tavern?”

“Yes,” said Jonas, “the very same man.
I forgot to tell you that I saw him sitting
among the lawyers. When he came in, he
found me standing near the door, and he
showed me where I might sit. It was a
little behind the prisoner, a very good place,
where I could see and hear very well. But
it seems to me, now, that the judge appointed
him before, when the trial first began. And
then Mr. Sparr came to the prisoner, and
talked with him a little while in alow voice,
and then sent somebody out. I did not
know what for till afterwards.

‘Now, you see, it was the duty of the
100 THE TRIAL.

state’s attorney to bring forward every thing
that went to prove the prisoner guilty, and it
was Mr. Sparr’s duty to show all the evi-
dence there was that he was innocent, and
then the jury were to judge between them.
“ Well, as I was saying, Mr. Richard Stone
was the first man that was called. The
state’s attorney asked him to tell the jury
about his house being broken open. So he
told his story, and it was this: — He said
that Eben Daniell, the prisoner, lived in his
neighborhood, and had been at his house
one day the last winter to saw wood.
‘The next day,’ said he, ‘I was going out
of town with my whole family, to take a
sleigh-ride, and so I shut up the house, fast-
ening all the windows, and locking all the
doors. When we came home in the even-
ing of the next day, and had built a fire, my
wife went into the parlor-closet, and called
out to me to say that the window was brok-
en. I went in, and saw that a pane of glass
was broken, and very near the place where
the window was fastened. I saw also that
the fastening was taken out, and so I sus- —
pected that somebody had been breaking in.
I told her to look around, and see if she
THE TRIAL. 101

missed any thing. She immediately looked
for her spoons, and cried out that they were
all gone,—every one of them. I imme-
diately suspected Daniell, and, in fact, the
next morning Captain James told me’ —

‘Here Mr. Sparr suddenly called upon Mr.
Stone, the witness, to stop. He said he must
not tell what he heard other people say.”

“Why not?” said Lucy.

‘‘ Because they don’t allow a witness to
tell what he heard other people say, in
court.”

“I don’t see why,” said Lucy.

“Why, there are so many false stories
told, that they could not tell what to be-
lieve ; so they make each man come into
court, and tell what he himself saw, and
then he can be cross-examined.”

‘‘ What does that mean?” said Rollo.

‘Why, have questions asked him by the
other side, to find out whether he is honest
and fair. When the lawyer that brings a
Witness forward has done asking him ques-
tions, they always let the lawyer on the
other side ask him questions too, to see
Whether he will not contradict himself, or
else to get more information.”

Q*
102 THE TRIAL.

“ Did they cross-examine Mr. Richard
Stone?”

“Yes,” said Jonas. ‘ After he had done
telling his story, the judge said that Mr.
Sparr might ask him any questions he
wished to ask; and he asked him how his
window was fastened, and he said, by a nail
put into a hole over the top of it. ‘Then he
asked him if he was positively sure that he
put the nail into that window the morning
before he went away, and he said he was;
he was particular to fasten that closet win-
dow, for all his wife’s silver spoons were in
that closet.

‘Then Mr. Richard Stone stepped down
from the stand, and walked away.”

‘“‘T wish they had let him tell what Cap-
tain James said,” said Rollo.

“You will hear presently,’ said Jonas,
“for Captain James was the next witness
called. You see it is a great deal better to
have him come himself upon the stand, and
tell his own story there, for then they get it
more direct, and they also can question him ~
very closely about it, if it is necessary. So
Captain James took his place upon the stand,
THE TRIAL. 103

and the state’s attorney asked him to tell
the jury all he knew about the ease.

“<“ Well,’ said he, ‘the night that Mr.
Stone went away, I was going home about
ten o’clock by his house, and I saw a man
stand right in front of it, just before I came
along. I stopped a minute to see what he
was doing, and then I walked on towards
him. As soon as he saw me, he began to
walk away. I followed him, taking very
long and quick steps, and yet walking soft-
ly, so as not to appear to be walking fast ;
and so I gained upon him. But presently,
when he saw I was coming up to him, he
began to walk faster, and so he got away.
But I knew him well enough.’

“Who was it?’ asked the state’s ate
torney.

‘** It was Eben Daniell, there.

“Here the judge asked Mr. Sparr if he
had any questions to ask.

‘‘* How could you possibly know who it
was, at ten o’clock at night?’

‘*O, I can tell Eben as far as I can see
him,’ said Captain James, ‘ Besides, it was
a bright moonlight night, and I got pretty
hear to him at one time,’
104 THE TRIAL.

““¢ Are you perfectly sure it was he?’

““< Ves, perfectly sure,’ said he.

“<¢Ts that all you know about it?’ said
Mr. Sparr.

“¢YVes; I knew nothing more till I heard
the next day —’

“<No matter what you heard the next
day ; we only want you to tell us what you
saw yourself.’

‘“‘'The state’s attorney then said that the
next witness’s name was John Case. So
Mr. John Case was called.

‘“¢¢ Where do you live, Mr. Case?’ said the
state’s attorney.

‘“¢In the town of Yarmouth,’ said Mr.
Case.

‘““¢ How far is Yarmouth from the town
that Mr. Stone lives in?’

““< About twenty miles.’

“¢ And what is your business, Mr.
Case ?’

“¢T am a watchmaker and silversmith.’

‘““¢ Have you ever seen the prisoner at the
bar?’

“<< Yes, sir; he called at my store last
winter to sell me some spoons.’

Will you have the goodness to tell.
THE TRIAL. 105

the jury about that call, and what took place
between you?’

‘‘¢ He brought some spoons, which he said
he wanted to sell me. There were half a
dozen of them. They were bruised, and
broken, and battered, and they looked as if
the marks had been scraped off. I asked
him how they came in that condition, and
he said that they were some that had got
spoiled in his house ; that he had two dozen
in all, and that this half-dozen had got
broken and spoiled by his children, and now
he wanted to sell them.

“*T thought that story was not very prob-
able, and in fact, I concluded that such a man
as he, would not be very likely to have
any silver spoons at all, unless he came by
them dishonestly. So I told him I would
take one of them into my back shop, and
see how good silver it was; and there I sent
off one of my workmen for an officer. The
officer came and arrested the man, and then
when we questioned him, he contradicted
himself so much, that we took him before
&@ magistrate, and had him committed to
prison.’

“* And what became of the spoons?’
106 THE TRIAL.

“<¢ We sent them back to Mr. Stone.’

“Then came the cross-examination. Mr.
Sparr wanted to know what it was that
made him suspect this man did not come
honestly by his spoons, — the looks of the
spoons, or the looks of the man, or his story,
or what. He said it was all three taken
together. Mr. Sparr next asked whether it
did not often happen that people brought
him old spoons to sell. He said it did.
‘And don’t they sometimes look as bad as
these which this man brought?’ continued
Mr. Sparr. ‘Why, yes, sir,’ said Mr. Case,
‘they sometimes do.’

“The state’s attorney now said he had
got through with all his witnesses against
the prisoner, but that by and by he should
have some remarks to make about their tes-
timony, and about the case generally.

“The judge then asked Mr. Sparr if he
had any evidence to bring forward in favor
of the prisoner. He said they had sent for
a witness, and expected her every moment ;
and, as he was speaking, he looked round
towards the door, and, seeing a bonnet there
coming in, he said, ‘She is coming now, I
presume.’
THE TRIAL. 107

“The woman came in, and was called to
the stand.”

“Do women go to court?” asked Lucy.

‘Yes, sometimes,” said Jonas, “ when
they want them to be witnesses. This
woman’s name was Mrs. Hannah Lane.
When she came upon the stand, the first
question that Mr. Sparr asked her was,
where she lived, and what her business was.
She said she lived in that town, and that she
kept boarders; and she went on to say, in
answer to the other questions, that Eben
Daniell boarded at her house, and that he
was at home all the night of the robbery.
‘He came home to supper,’ she said, ‘at the
regular time, and staid there, sawing wood
for her all the evening.’

“How late did he stay?’ asked Mr.
Sparr.

“< Till he went to bed.’

“*Did you see him next morning ?

“*Yes; he came out of his room just be-
fore breakfast, as he commonly did.’

“Then the judge asked the state’s attor-
hey if he wanted to ask any questions, and
he said he did. So he turned round towards
the woman, and said,

&

 
108 THE TRIAL.

“¢Mys. Lane, what time was it that Mr.
Daniell went to bed that night?’

‘«¢<¢ About nine o’clock,’ said she.

“‘¢ How was his room situated ?’ |

“¢He slept in a long chamber over a
shed, with some other men. There were
two beds there.’

““¢ And where were the stairs that led up
into that chamber ?’

«“¢ They were out in the shed.’

“<¢Then how could you know when he
went to bed?’

“<«Why, he went out, and told my hus-
band and me that he was going to bed. So
I suppose he did.’

“¢Ah, that is it, then!’ said the state’s
attorney ; ‘very well.’ So Mrs. Lane went
away, and Mr. Sparr said he had no more
witnesses to bring forward.”

“ And was that the end of the trial?”
said Rollo.

‘No, then came the arguments.”

“The arguments! what are they?”

“Why, each lawyer makes a speech to the
jury, about the case, —the state’s attorney
trying to make them believe that the pris-
oner is guilty, and his counsel for the pris-
THE TRIAL. 109

oner tries to prove that he is innocent. 'The
state’s attorney made his speech first.”

‘“And what did he say?” said Rollo.

“IT can’t remember it all,” said Jonas;
“but it was like this: —

“* Gentlemen of the jury,

‘“* You have heard the evidence against
the prisoner. The evidence against him is
not direct, —it is circumstantial ; i. e. it is
the evidence of circumstances, and that is
all the evidence we can generally get
against criminals, for they take good care
to commit their crimes when there are no
persons to see them; so that all we have to
judge from, is the circumstances of the case.
In this instance they are strong enough to
prove very certainly that this man committed
the robbery.

‘“*In the first place, gentlemen, Mr. Stone
testifies that he locked up his house, and
fastened all his windows carefully, intending
to be gone away from home one night. He
Says also that the prisoner at the bar knew
that he was going. When he came home,
he found his window broken open, and -his
Spoons were missing. You cannot doubt
that all this is true, for Mr, Stone is well

10
110 THE TRIAL.

known to be an honest and _ trust-worthy
man, and he could not be mistaken about
these facts.

“‘¢'Then, gentlemen, Captain James is per-
fectly sure that he saw the prisoner prowling
about Mr. Stone’s house, the very night
when the robbery must have been com-
mitted. It was very late, and the hour, the
place, and the man’s guilty looks and move-
ments all seem to show that he was there
for no good purpose.

“<P inally, gentlemen, Mr. Case, a very
respectable watchmaker from a neighboring
town, tells you that this very man came and
offered these very spoons to him for sale, all
broken and battered, and with the mark
scraped off. It seems he did not dare to
offer them for sale so near, and so he carried
them twenty miles away, thinking that that
would be so far that there would be no
danger of his detection.

“<¢But Mr. Case was not to be deceived
so easily. He saw through his story at once,
and had him immediately arrested. And
now, the only evidence which his counsel
can offer in his favor is Mrs. Lane’s; and all
she knows is, that he went out, as if he was
THE TRIAL. 111

going to bed, about nine o’clock. He may
have gone up into his room, or he may not.
Or, if he had gone up, he might easily have
come down again, without her knowing any
thing about it. I think, gentlemen, you
must be clearly convinced that the prisoner is
guilty, notwithstanding all that his counsel
may say in his defence.’

' “Here the attorney sat down, and Mr.
Sparr arose to make his speech in favor of
the prisoner.”

“IT should not think he could have a word
to say,’’ said Rollo.

“O, yes,” said Jonas, “they always have
something to say, I believe; and Mr. Sparr
made quite a speech. It was something
like this : —

“*T must confess, gentlemen of the jury,
that appearances are somewhat against the
prisoner. But we cannot always judge from
first appearances. And yet all that they
have brought forward are only appearances,
which may, after all, be false. They have
failed altogether in proving positively that
my client stole the spoons.’ ”’

‘What did he call him his client for?”
interrupted Rollo.

 
112 THE TRIAL.

“0, the lawyers always call the men they
are speaking for in court, their clients.”

“Do they?” said Rollo. “ Well, go on.”

«“¢They have not proved it,’ said Mr.
Sparr. ‘Captain James may have been mis-
taken in the man that he saw before Mr.
Stone’s house; and besides, if my client
was actually there, it does not prove, by any
means, that he broke into the house and
stole the spoons. He had as cood a right to
be in the street at that hour, as Captain
James himself.

«“<¢Then, as to the spoons which he tried
to sell Mr. Case, it is not certain at all that
they were the same spoons that Mr. Stone
lost. He admits that there were no marks
upon them, and he also admits that it was
very common for people to bring him old
spoons to sell. ‘I'here were a thousand ways
by which my client might have come by old
spoons honestly. Even the thief who stole
these, might have sold them to him, and he
not know they were stolen.’ ”

“Yes; but he said he got them from his
own house, and he had not any house,”
interrupted Rollo.

“Yes; but I am only telling you what
THE TRIAL. 113

Mr. Sparr’s speech was,’ resumed Jonas.
“But, by the way, he said something about
that. ‘It is true,’ he went on, ‘that my
client unfortunately did not make correct
statements at Mr. Case’s, and I am sorry for
it. It would have been better for him to
have told the truth. But if we admit that
he prevaricated there — ”

“He did not prevaricate,” interrupted
Rollo, again; “he tolda downright lie.”

“Admitting that he prevaricated,’” con-
tinued Jonas, without regarcing what Rollo
said, ‘that does not prove that he stole the
spoons. He may have been confused or
frightened at being charged with theft, and
so been betrayed into falsehood: and al-
though falsehood is very wrong, you must
remember, gentlemen, that he is not on his
trial now for telling a lie, but for stealing
some spoons, and you must not declare him
guilty unless it is clearly proved that he did
actually commit that very act.’ ” |

‘‘ And what did the jury decide?” asked
Rollo.

‘‘O, you will hear presently. The charge
comes before that.”

“The charge?” repeated Rollo,

19*

 
114 THE TRIAL.

“Yes; after the two lawyers get through
all they have to say, the judge makes @
speech to the jury, explaining the case more
fully, and if there is any dispute about the
law, he decides it.”

“Well, what did the judge say now ?”

“He began,” said Jonas, “by saying —

“< Gentlemen of the jury,’ —

“Then all the gentlemen of the jury stood
up, and looked at him, listening to hear what
he had to say.

“Gentlemen of the jury,’ said he, ‘you
have heard the evidence in this case, and
the arguments of the counsel, both against
the prisoner, and in his favor. Before you
decide this question, it becomes my duty to
say a few words to you about the principles
which are to govern you in making your
decision.

“¢TMhe evidence against the prisoner is
only circumstantial, it is true, but it may be
enough to condemn hin, notwithstanding, if
it is such as fully to satisfy your minds that
he committed this theft. If, on full consid-
eration of the subject, you think there is a
reasonable doubt whether he stole this prop-
erty, you must decide he is not guilty ; for
THE TRIAL. | 115

aman is not to be condemned simply be-
cause % 2s probable that he may have com-
mitted a crime. Unless, therefore, you are
well satisfied that he was the man who stole
this property, you must acquit him. If you
are, you must convict him, even though the
evidence be merely circumstantial.’

‘‘ When the judge had finished his charge,
the sheriff came with his long pole, and led
the jury out. He walked along, and they
came after him one by one, and went out by
a side door, and all disappeared. They went
into a small room to deliberate by them-
selves. When they were gone, the people
moved about a good deal; some went. out,
and some of the lawyers seemed to be talk-
ing to the judge; but I could not hear very
well what they said.

“ Besides, it was now getting near night,
and I thought it was time for me to go home.
I waited a few minutes longer, and then I
concluded that I would go out too. So I
got up, and was walking along, and had just
reached the door, when I saw the sheriff
coming in again with his pole, and the jury
after him. So I stepped back to my place
to listen.
116 THE TRIAL.

“The jury took their places again, and all
the court became very still. Then the judge
rose and looked towards them, and said,

“¢Gentlemen of the jury, are you agreed
upon your verdict ?’

«“«¢ Agreed,’ said one man at the head of
the jury.

“Guilty, or not guilty?’ said the judge.

“¢Quilty,’ said the juryman.

“Then the clerk wrote the verdict down
in his book, and the sheriff led off the pris-
oner to jail; the jurymen then went away,
and pretty soon after I went away too.”

“ And what was his punishment?” asked
Rollo.

“J don’t know,” said Jonas. “That was
for the judge to decide, and I believe he
commonly takes some time to consider of it.
At any rate, that was all I heard about it,
for I went home to supper, and the next
morning I found my horse was well, and so
I rode home.”
117

TWO WAYS TOGO TO SEA-
JACK’S WAY.

“Jonas, I wish you would tell us some
more sea stories. I like the story of Jock
better than any you have told us. Besides,
I want to learn about the sea. 1 should like
to go to sea myself.”

Who do you think said this, Lucy or
Rollo? It was Rollo; and Jonas answered
that he should like to go to sea himself very
well, if he could go in the right way.

‘““Why, is there more than one way?”
said Rollo.

“Yes,” said Jonas, with a smile ; “there
is John’s way and Jack’s way.”

“Why, what do youmean?” asked Rollo,
eagerly.

“Why, John went to sea one Way, and
Jack went another; and I should like to go
very well if I could go in John’s way.”

“Who were John and Jack ? ”

Two boys.”

“ Well, tell us about them, Jonas.”

 
118 Two WAYS TO GO TO 8EA:

“Why, it is rather a long story,” said
Jonas; “and, besides, it is getting to be near
night,” he said, looking up at the sun, which
was going down towards the summits of the
mountains.

It was a wild, mountainous road that they
were now travelling. Rugged rocks and
black forests were on each side, and a large
stream tumbled along over the rocks by the
side of the road. Just as Jonas had spoken
those words, he saw that Mr. Holiday was
stopping at a little distance before them, to
talk with a man who was standing before
an old log-house by the side of the road.
He got through his talk just as Jonas came
up in the wagon ; and the man went into
the house. Jonas reined in his horse, as
soon as his wagon was opposite the carryall,
and the following dialogue took place : —

“J find, Jonas,” said Rollo’s father, ‘‘ that
it is five miles farther to the next public
house ; and I expect it will be dark before
we get there, we have to travel so slowly.”

“he children had better get in with
us,” said Mrs. Holiday.

But Rollo told her that Jonas was just
going to tell them @ beautiful story ; and he
JACK’S WAY. 119

asked his mother to let them ride with him,
at least until it was dark. She consented,
and the carryall moved on.

‘Come, Jonas,” said Rollo, “now begin.”

‘Did you ever hear of Cape Cod?” said
Jonas.

“Yes,” said Lucy; “I have seen it on
the map.” :

“Cape Cod on the map is very different
from Cape Cod in reality.”

“How ?” said Rollo.

“Why, Cape Cod in reality is a great tract
of country, with fields, and villages, and
towns, and forests all over the land, and
bays, and harbors, and sandy beaches along
the shore ; but Cape Cod on the map is only
a mark upon a piece of paper, shaped like a
man’s arm.”
au And painted red,”’ said Rollo.

“No, yellow,” said Lucy.

“It is red on my map,” said Rollo, de-
cidedly.

‘Never mind that,” said Jonas. “ At the
head of one of the little bays on Cape Cod, in
a small village, there lived two boys, named
John and Jack. Th ~“ *° OER” egies

tee pl tila ti
120 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

pretty near one another, and both went to
the same school. John was diligent and
faithful, but Jack was rather idle. Jack did
not like school very well. In fact, idle boys
never do.

“here were some fishing-boats belong-
ing to that village, and these boys, as well
as all the others, used often to go out upon
the water. Some sea-captains lived in the
place. ‘They commanded vessels which
sailed from New York to Boston, and some-
times, when they were going to Boston, and
the wind was ahead, so that they could not
get round the cape very well, they used to
put in here, anchor their vessels, and wait
until the wind came fair again.

“The boys of the village used sometimes
to go on board these vessels in the little
harbor, and sometimes they would sit on
the high land which overlooked the water,
and see them sail in and out.

“he school-house was built upon rather
high ground, a little out of the village, and
the boys could see the water from a field
close by it, where they used to play ball.
One day at recess, Jack called out to the
other boys who were playing,
JACK’S WAY. 121

“Hallo, boys! there is a brig coming in.’

‘The boys stopped their play, and looked :
there was a brig coming in, under full sail,
around a point of land which formed the
entrance to the harbor.

“It is the Almira,’ said Jack, standing
up upon a stone, so as to see better. He
was rather a little fellow, short for his age ;
and he wore wide trousers, and no jacket,
and a broad straw hat, so that he looked like
a little sailor.

“It is the Almira,’ said he, ‘ Capt.
Barnes’s brig. I mean to go aboard of her
this afternoon.’

“¢ Will they let you go aboard?’ said
John.

“* Yes,’ Jack replied. ‘Ben Halyard sails
in her, and he’ll let me go aboard. He
always does.’

‘¢ Let me go with you,’ said John.

“¢ Well,’ said Jack.

“John thought his father would let him
go, for there was no school that afternoon ;
and so, after he went into school, he studied
very diligently, until school was dismissed.
You see he had found out that, some how
or other, he always had a better time in his

11
122 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

play, when he had just been particularly
diligent in his studies ; and so, whenever he
was going off on any expedition in the af-
ternoon, he always prepared himself to have
a good time by studying very hard in the
forenoon.

“ About an hour after dinner, they went
down to the wharf, and borrowed a little boat.
Each took an oar, and they rowed off to the
brig. As they passed along, John saw the
word ‘ Amira’ painted upon her stern.

“The boys went aboard, and had a fine
time looking over the brig and talking with
the sailors. Ben Halyard was splicing @
rope, and they sat down and saw him do it.
They both thought it was very curious.
Then they went up to the mast head, where
they had a fine look-out from the ‘top.’
They could see away out to sea, where
vessels were sailing to and fro.

“¢What a pleasant place this is 1? said
Jack.

«“¢Very pleasant now,’ said John; ‘but I
think it would not be very pleasant working
here, an hour, taking in sail, in a north-
east snow storm.’

««] should like to go to sea,’ said Jack.
JAOK’S WAY. 123

«So should I, if I could go in the right
way,’ said John.

“““ No lessons to learn, and no errands to
do,—nothing but sailing about all the
time,’ continued Jack.

“¢T should like to see foreign countries,’
said John.

“¢ Yes,’ said Jack. ‘London, and Liver-
pool, and Calcutta. There are elephants in
Calcutta.’

¢ Are there?’ said John. ‘I should like
to see an elephant.’

“¢¢ So should 1; —and a whale! Perhaps
we should see a whale. I wish I could go
. to sea.’

“¢T mean to go, some time or other,’ said
John.

*“¢So do I,’ said Jack: ‘and I wish I
could go now. Boys go very often as
young as [ am.’

“Jack went home that night determined
to ask his father to let him go to sea. His
father laughed, and did not make much
reply ; but his mother said, very seriously,
that she could not hear a word of it, and he
must not ask again.

“The next day, Jack wanted John to ask
124 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

his father. ‘Perhaps he will let you go,’
said he, ‘and then my father will be more
likely to let me.’

“«No,’ said John, ‘I don’t want to go.’

“¢ But you said you meant to go to sea.’

“¢So 1 do, but not in this way.’

“<< How are you going ?’

«“¢O, I mean to go, one of these days, in

my own way ; yow ll see ;’ and away he
went into school with his slate under his
arm.
“ A few days after this, Jack brought up
the subject again, with his father, but with
no better success. He wanted to go in the
Almira, but he could not get his father’s
consent; and at length she sailed without
him. In the mean time, he neglected his
studies more and more, and of course he
disliked school more and more, and he kept
constantly teasing his father and mother to
let him go to sea. They were, however,
firm and decided against it.

“He also tried again and again to get
John to feel some interest in going. He
told him how pleasant it would be to go up
the Mediterranean, and see all those places
that they had studied about so often in their
JACK’s Way. 125

Geographies. John admitted that it would
be very pleasant, and he meant to go some
day, but not then.

“< Well,’ said Jack, ‘I am determined to
go alone, if you won’t go with me ; and it
will be pretty soon too.’

“From this time, Jack said nothing about
going, either to John or to his father and
mother ; and they all thought he had given
up the plan. But he was very far from
having given it up. He had determined. to
run away. He knew very well that he
could not get any captain to take him at that
port without his father’s consent; but he
thought that, if he could get to New Bed-
ford, which was a very large seaport about
fifty miles off, along the coast, he could
easily manage to get to sea.

‘But how to get to New Bedford was the
difficulty. It was full fifty miles to New
Bedford, and he knew that he could not
walk there in less than three days. To be
on the road three days would cost him as
much as a dollar; and then he knew that he
must have as much as a dollar there, to pay
for his food and lodging, in case there was

ho ship going to sail immediately. So he
11*
126 TWO WAYS TO GO TO $

determined to set to work and get the two
dollars as soon as he could, in some way or
other.

‘Though you may suppose that Jack was
a very bad boy, by his thus forming a plan
to run away from his father and mother, yet
he was not so very bad a boy after all ; and
he would not steal, or do any thing to get
his money dishonestly. In fact, it was
partly his father and mother’s fault that he
determined to run away.”

“ His father and mother’s!” said Rollo,
with great surprise.

“Yes,” said Jonas, ‘‘ because they did not
bring him up right. They did not make
him study his lessons, and obey their com-
mands, faithfully enough. In fact, they let
him have his own way pretty much, and so
he did not care but little for them.

“'The way he contrived to get his money
was by selling old iron.”

“Old iron!” said Rollo.

“Yes; the blacksmiths there used to buy
the old iron which the boys picked up about
the streets and wharves; and so Jack went
to work collecting all the old iron he could
find or beg, and the blacksmiths would buy
JACK’S WAY. = 127

it, giving him a little money for every
piece he brought.”’

“How much?’ said Rollo.

‘““O, sometimes only a cent, and some-
times two or three cents. Once he got a
ten-cent piece for a bar which came out of
an old chimney. The men gave it to him,
because he helped them about their work.
He got the boys at school, too, to bring him
all the old iron they could find about their
houses, and he paid them by making whis-
tles and little boats. At length he got two
dollars.

‘“'Then he considered every thing ready,
and determined to set off, without any far-
ther delay. So, one moonlight night, after
his father and mother had gone to bed, and
he thought they had had time to go to sleep,
he got up softly, and took his best clothes
out of his drawer, and put them on. He put
his money, which was all in small change,
into his pocket. He crept out of his cham-
ber window down upon the roof over the
kitchen, and walked along that, till he came
to the end of it; then he climbed down to a
shed, and from the lower edge of the shed to
a high fence, and thence safe to the ground.
128 Two WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

“ Behind a log of wood, in the yard, he
found a small parcel, which he had put

there the day before, containing a large

piece of bread and some cheese. He took
this and stole away.

“The streets of the town were silent and —

solitary ; and the moonlight made them look
almost gloomy. Still he pressed on, anxious
to get away from the town as far as he could
before they should miss him in the morning.
He passed by the school-house, rejoicing to

think that he should have no more studying

to do there.

“In the morning, they observed that he
did not come to breakfast ; and they thought
he had got up early, and gone off a-fishing,
or on some such expedition, and they did
not think much of it. By and by, however,
his mother went up to make his bed, and
she found his common clothes were there in
the room; and looking into the drawer, she
found his best suit was gone. Still she
thought he must have only gone away on
some pleasure party, with the boys, and that
he would be home by noon. But he did
not come ; and then, beginning to be uneasy
about him, they sent around to the neigh-

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

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JACK’S WAY. 131

bors’ boys to inquire; but no one could tell
any thing of him.

‘His father then began to think he had
run away ; and he took a horse and wagon
to go after him. He thought it most likely
that he had gone across the cape; and so he
took that road. He travelled in that direc-
tion nearly all the afternoon, inquiring of
every one he saw, but nobody had seen any
such boy ; and so he came home, and con-
cluded he must have gone the other road,
towards New Bedford, and the next morning
he set out in that direction.

‘In the mean time, Jack had travelled all
the first night, and pretty much all the next
day ; and the second night he slept in a tav-
erm, supposing that now the danger was
over. But after all, he was not yet quite
twenty miles from home. He was so tired
with his walk, that he did not get up till
quite late the next morning ; and his father
rode up to the door of the tavern just as he
was going out to begin his second day’s
journey. Of course he took him into his
wagon, and carried him home again.”

“Did he whip him?” said Rollo.

“No,” replied Jonas. “He had been so
132 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

frightened about losing him, and was so

glad to get him safe back again, that he did

not want to whip him. And then, besides
he thought that if he should punish him
severely, it would only make him more in-
clined to run away again.

“In fact, his father began to think that
perhaps he had better let him go to sea,
after all. Jack’s mother was still very un-
willing ; but he told her that perhaps it would
be safest to let him go, since he was so set
upon it. ‘We had better,’ said he, ‘look
him out a vessel, with a good captain, and
get him a good birth, than to have him run
away to sea, and so get ruined.’

“At length, his mother reluctantly gave
her consent ; and so they got Jack a birth on
board the very Almira that he had longed to
go in. Ben Halyard came with a wheel-
barrow to wheel his trunk to the wharf,
and his friend John went down with him to
see him safe aboard. On the way he said,

«“é¢There, John, I told you I meant to go
to sea; and here I am going before you, and
yet you are a year older than I am!’ For
at this time Jack was twelve, and John was
JACK’S WAY. 133

thirteen. ‘I don’t believe you will ever see
foreign countries as long as you live.’

“* Yes, I shall,’ said John ; ‘ that is, Imean
to.’

“¢ Well, when?’ said Jack.

““T am going to set out to-morrow.’

«To-morrow !’ said Jack, stopping in
the middle of the road in astonishment.

“* Yes,’ said John, walking along quietly.

““* Where are you going?’

‘““*T am going into the country. Father
has bound me out apprentice at a great
blacksmith’s.’

““*A blacksmith’s !’ exclaimed Jack, burst-
ing into a fit of laughter; ‘that is a good one.
And so you are going to sea by way of a
blacksmith’s shop, back in the country.
That is a pretty road to go in to see foreign
lands.’

“¢Tt is the best road,’ said John.

“"They arrived at the wharf, and John
and Jack stepped on board of a boat, with
Jack’s father and Ben Halyard, who pulled
them off to the brig. The captain ordered
the sailors to man the capstan and heave in
the cable.”

12
134 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

“ What does that mean?” said Lucy.

“©, the capstan is a kind of machine,
with long handles reaching off on every
side ; and the sailors take hold of these han-
dies, and heave round, and round, and
round, and so heave up the anchor.”

« How does that heave up the anchor om

“ Why, the cable, that is fastened to the
anchor, passes round the capstan ; and so,
when they heave it round, it winds the
cable up, and draws it in.

“So Jack got hold of the capstan, and
hove away with the other sailors. He was
quite pleased with this. He told John that
he had heard people say it was hard work to
heave up the anchor, but it was no such
thing ; it was very easy work, he said.

“The sails were soon spread ; and as soon
as the brig began to make some way through
the water, Jack’s father and John bade the
little sailor good by, and got down the
brig’s side, into their boat ; and John sculled
the boat ashore.

“The brig sailed majestically out of the
bay, and Jack thought all his troubles were
over, and that life with him was now just
about to begin. And for a few days things

 
JAOK’S WAY.

went on very pleasantly. He knew enough
about a ship to feel somewhat at home, and
he was not seasick; though his feelings
revolted a little at the dirty and miserable
hole he had to sleep in, in the forecastle,
and the intolerable smell of the place. Ina
few days, too, the novelty of the thing wore
off. ‘The weather was fair, and the wind
favorable, and they went on very smoothly
through the water; and Jack began to get
tired of the sameness. He had to run about
at every body’s bidding ; and if he did well,
he had neither thanks nor pay, and often got
cuffed and scolded if he did not do well.
After he had been out a week, and reflected
that he had got two or three weeks more to
pass in the same dull way before he should
see land, he was almost sorry he had come.
He wished a thousand times that John had
come with him, and then he should have
had company.

‘‘'The brig went south, to Charleston, South
Carolina, to take in a cargo of cotton. For
about an hour, while they were sailing into
the harbor, and coming up to the town, Jack
enjoyed himself well; and he began to think
_that he was going to be repaid for all his
136 Two WAYS TO GO TO SEA; ,

hard work and dull times on the passage.
But he found, after all, when he got in, to
the wharf, that he could not go ashore
much ; for the crew were all to be hard at
work on board the ship, all the time of their
stay. The captain gave him leave to go
ashore once or twice; but all the part of the
city where sailors went was mean, dirty,
and poor. The captain took in his cargo,
and set sail again as soon as possible ; so that
Jack had soon another tedious voyage before
him.

“'The days and weeks passed away very
heavily. Jack thought he had rather be at
school, for there was a recess there, and then
they had a good play ; and they did go home
at last every day, when school was done,
and get a good warm supper, and a comfort-
able bed at night; but at sea it was dull
work, all day long, among ropes, junk, tar,
and bilge-water, —nothing to eat but old
salt beef and dry ship-bread, —and a hole
to sleep in at night, that a dog would have
run away from. Jack fairly wished he was
at home.

« However, he was naturally a boy of good
spirits, and he was not easily depressed. ‘I
JACK’S Way. 137

shall see foreign countries at any rate,’ said
he, ‘and that will pay me for my pains.’
‘I shall see Liverpool,’ thought he, ‘and the
Tower of London, and Gibraltar, and the
Cataract of Niagara.’ ”

Here Lucy laughed outright, and said that
the Cataract of Niagara was not in England.

“No,” said Jonas; “but Jack, you know,
was not a very good scholar, and he did not
know very well where the wonderful places
were. He thought they were all beyond
seas.

‘When they got pretty near Liverpool,
he asked Ben Halyard if he would go to
London with him, when they landed.

“London, man!’ said Ben; ‘we are not
going to London.’

““¢ Why, we can go from Liverpool; for
London is in England, I know.’

“¢ Yes, it is in England, but it is hun-
dreds of miles from Liverpool.’

“<¢Ts it?’ said Jack; ‘then I can’t see
London this voyage ?’

**« No,’ said Ben; ‘it would cost fifty dol-
lars, for aught I know.’

“¢ Well, what sort of a place is Liver-

pool.’
12*
138 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

“tO it’s a great place,’ said Ben; ‘but :

we shan’t see much of it.’

“¢Why not?’ said Jack.

“¢O, we have a couple o’ hundred bales
of cotton to get up out of our hold.’

“Well, after we have got the cotton
out?’

«¢Then we have got a couple o’ hundred
boxes, and bales, and casks, to get ¢mfo our
hold again.’

“¢Well, and then?’ said Jack.

“¢Why, and then we have got to make
all sail for New York.’

“¢Ts that it?’ said Jack.

“¢ Yes, that is it, exactly; that is a sailor’s
life, year in and year out.’

“¢ Bor’arp THERE!’ shouted out the cap-
tain, just at this instant, from the quarter-
deck.

“¢ Ay, ay, sir!’ cried Ben, in reply ; and
he started up to listen to, and execute, the
captain’s commands.

“he Almira remained some time in
Liverpool, and then set sail again’ for New
York. Jack went ashore a few times at
Liverpool; but he saw very little, except that
mean part of the place which sailors gener-
JACK’S WAY. 139

ally frequented. He had no time to make
excursions to any distance, and if he had,
he could have seen but little, for he was but
a poor sailor, and could not have got into
the splendid buildings and great establish-
ments of England. So he went back to
America, having had very liitls moze to do
with England than having worked hard
several days to load and unload a ship at a
Liverpool dock.”

Just here the boys were entering a dark
pass in the mountains. The sun had gone
down, and twilight had nearly.disappeared,
and Rollo’s father and mother began to think
it was time for the children to come back
into the carryall. So they stopped and
waited for the wagon to come up.

““O, father!” said Rollo, when they got
pretty near, ‘do let us ride here a little
longer, —till Jonas has finished this story.”

‘““How much longer is the story?” said
Mr. Holiday.

‘Not much longer, sir,” said Jonas.

‘Very well, then. When you get through,
drive up to us, and let us know.”

“So the carryall started on, and Jonas
resumed his story.
140 Two waYs TO GO TO SEA:

‘One day, on the return voyage, when
Ben Halyard and Jack were at work in the
top, in a heavy rain storm, Jack’s fingers.
numb with wet and cold, and the chill wind
driving the rain into his face, he asked Ben
if this was a fair specimen of a sailor’s life, —
dull times at sea, and hard work in port.

“¢Yes, pretty fair,’ said Ben; ‘it is a
dog’s life.’

“‘ Well,’ said Jack, ‘one thing I know;
when I am captain, [’ll have things different.
I shall have my liberty then, and can do as
I’ve a mind to.’

“¢ Captain!’ said Ben, ‘you'll never be
captain.’

“¢¢-Yes, I shall,’ said Jack.

“¢ You!’ said Ben; ‘you don’t under-
stand navigation.’

“¢¢No, but I can learn.’

“Not unless you studied arithmetic
pretty well in school.’

“¢ Ayithmetic!’ said Jack, ‘I hate arith-
metic.’

“¢ Then you'll hate navigation, I can tell
you. You never will be captain. It takes
a good scholar to make a captain. You'll
a SN ee Oe

JACK’S WAY. 14]

have to live in the forecastle, my boy, and
heave away at the capstan for your wages.’

“This was discouraging enough. Jack
wished he had studied his arithmetic better
at school; but it was too late to help it
now. He went down to the deck, wet
and cold, but there were two hours more of
his watch before he could go below ; and all
that time he had to walk back and forth on
the deck, in the rain, to keep any warmth
in him at all.

“* Well,’ said he to himself, ‘my pros-
pect is rather gloomy. I don’t know what
John meant by his way of going to sea, but
it must be bad indeed, if it is any worse
than mine.’ ”

Here Jonas touched the horse with the
whip, and said, ‘‘ Now we will drive on, and
speak to your father.”

“Why, is that all?” said Rollo.

“Yes, that is all about Jack. I will tell
you how John went to sea, through the
blacksmith’s shop, to morrow.”
142

TWO WAYS TOGO TO SEA:
JOHN’S WAY.

Jonas did not begin to tell the children
about John’s way of going to sea until the
next morning. Rollo and Lucy asked leave
to get into the wagon early in the morning,
and Mr. Holiday consented ; and as they
set out very early on their journey, Jonas
resumed his narrative, just as the sun was
gilding the summits of the mountains
around.

“John had his clothes put up in a little
wooden trunk, painted blue; and then he
waited at home for the stage to come.
Presently it drove up to the door, and John
got in. They put his blue trunk in be-
hind.”

“ On behind, you mean,” said Rollo.

“No, in behind; and John, after he got
in, sat down and began to talk with the
driver.”
JOHN’S WAY. 143

“ Why, Jonas,” said Rollo, “he could not
talk with the driver if he was in the
stage.”’ ,

“Why, yes,” said Jonas, “for this stage
was not a great coach, with four horses and
a great rack for trunks behind it was only
a ole-horse wagon, with two seats, and a
top over it, and curtains at the side. That
is the kind of stage they have where there
is not much travelling. So John sat down
upon the front seat with the driver, and they
put his blue trunk in under the back seat.

‘He rode along very pleasantly in this
way a long time. They stopped to change
horses sometimes, and at last he got to a
pretty large town, where the wagon stage
stopped, and John got into a larger one, with
four horses. He rode along in this way
until he came at last to the town where he
Was to stay.”

“What was the name of the town?”
asked Lucy.

“I don’t know,” said Jonas; “I only
know it was a large, town, with a good
many factories in it. There was a large
Stream of water running through it, which
carried the factories. When the stage
  
 
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
   
 
   
  
  
 

144 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

stopped at the tavern, John inquired where _
Mr. Naylor’s blacksmith’s shop was, as his —
father had directed him to do. He was told ‘
he must walk down through the village, and
then turn to the right, down the bank of the —
stream, and he would see it. o.
“So John walked along through the vil-—
lage, admiring the great factory buildings, —
with their long rows of windows, and little ©
cupolas upon the top. At length, he reached —
the place where he was to turn off. The
stream, which here widened into a pond, was .
upon one side, and a wood upon the other.
Just before him, on the margin of the stream,
was a large stone building, which looked”
something like a blacksmith’s shop, though
it was the largest and handsomest one that
John had ever seen. John found, on in vi
quiry, that Mr. Naylor was in his house,”
across the road. He looked over there, and
saw a pleasant, one-storied house among the
trees, and he went over to it. Mr. Naylor we ;
glad to see him, asked him about his jour-
ney, read the letter which John had brought
from his father, gave John some supper, and
showed him his bed. It was in the corner
of a little unfinished room over the kitchen,
 

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JOHN’S WAY. 147

the rafters and the roof being right over
John’s head. John liked his bed very
much, and he slept soundly till morning.

“The next day he went into the shop,
and was very much interested at seeing the —
forges, and great anvils, and trip-hammers,
going by water.’’

‘ What are trip-hammers??’ asked Rollo.

“Q, they are great hammers which go
by water,” said Jonas, “heavier than a man
can lift; and they strike, heavy and quick, on
the great bars of hot iron, which a man holds
under them. ‘They make a terrible noise.”

“TI should like to see a trip-hammer,”’ said
Rollo.

“John thought they were very curious,”
said Jonas. “They sent him away to the
village of an errand, early in the morning,
and when he returned they had got in the
fire, upon one of the forges, an enormous
piece of iron, which John knew that a man
could not lift, and he wondered how they
were going to get it to the anvil under the
trip-hammer. Mr. Naylor told him to wait
there a minute or two, and so he had a fine
chance to see. He observed that there was
an iron chain round the middle of the iron,
148 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

and the chain reached up overhead. He
Jooked up, and saw that it was fastened to
a curious-looking machine, so that it could
be hoisted up a little, and then swung over
to the anvil. Presently, the men hove away
upon the machine. The iron came slowly
out of the fire, glowing anc sparkling, so
that you could hardly look at it. They
swung it carefully over to the anvil, and
then pulled a small pole hanging by the side
of it, which set the trip-hammer a-going. It
made a tremendous noise, and the sparks
flew in every direction, while two men
moved the iron back and forth, so as to
make the trip-hammer strike it in the right
places. John thought he should have a
great deal to learn, before he could become
a first-rate blacksmith.

“For some time, John had to run of
errands around town, and wait upon the
workmen in the shop. Presently, they put
him at a great vice, and a man taught him
to file.”

“O, 1 can file,” said Rollo. ‘1 have.”

“Yes, you can file a little, L know ; but it
is very difficult to learn to file square and
true. John paid very close attention to all

 
JOHN’S WAY. 149

that they said, and followed the directions
exactly. He worked slowly, but steadily ;
and when Mr. Naylor came along at night,
and saw how much he had done, he said,

“Well done, John! I don’t see but that
you will make a blacksmith.’

‘‘ John spent his evenings in reading and
studying, and one day Mr. Naylor told him
that he had some books in his library, and
John might read them. John was very
glad. 'The books were about mechanics
and engineering, and some about mathe-
matics. ‘There was one book on geom-
etry, which he wanted to study very much;
but he found he could not understand it very
well,alone. He wanted to study these things,
for he knew that if he could get knowl-
edge from books, and practical skill in the
shop, he might, one of these days, make a
first-rate machinist, like Mr. Naylor, and
undertake great works, instead of being a
mere journeyman blacksmith, working all his
life for a dollar and a half a day.

“John was a beautiful writer. He used
to take great pains with his writing at school,
and the master thought he was one of the best
Writers of his age he ever had. So, aftera

13 *
150 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

while, Mr. Naylor got him to copy some
letters, and finding that he did it very neatly
and well, he used often to take him off from
his hard work in the shop, to make out bills
or keep accounts in his little counting-room.

“Thus some years passed away, and John
was becoming one of the most important
men in Mr. Naylor’s shop.”

« And, I suppose, by this time he had for-
gotten all about his plan of going to sea,”
said Rollo.

“Not at all,” said Jonas. ‘“ His desire to
see foreign countries grew stronger and
stronger. He used to read a good deal
about England, and the great iron-works
there; and one reason he had for acquiring
so much knowledge was to be at the head
of his business. ‘If I can only get my trade
well learned, and get well established in
business, I can earn money enough to go
where I please.’

«This was a very good calculation, and
it turned out even better than John had ex-
pected, as you will see in the end. He soon
learned geometry, and that helped him along
a great deal in his studies.”

«‘ How did he learn it?” asked Lucy.
JOHN’sS Way. 151 |

“Why, one day he was up in the second
story of the shop ,

‘Were there two stories?” asked Rollo.

“Yes; and in the second story there were
lathes, and various machines for finishing
off nice work, all carried by water. Well,
John was there seated before an emery-
wheel, brightening some screws that. were
going to be tempered.”

‘What does that mean?” asked Lucy.

“Why, you see when they want screws
to be hard, they temper them. First, they
heat them very hot, and put them in cold
water, and that makes them very hard and
brittle. Then, they heat them again a little,
not quite red hot, and plunge them into cold
water again, and that makes them not quite
so hard and brittle, but more tough; and
they have to brighten them a little before
they heat them the second time, in order to
know how hot to make them.”

“How do they know by that?” asked
Rollo.

“Why, if steel is bright,” said Jonas,
“and you heat it, it first turns straw-color,
then blue, and at last deep purple, as it

 
152 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

grows hotter and hotter; so they can tell
by the color how hot it is.”

“That is curious,” said Rollo.

‘So John had a box of screws in a little
stand before him, and was brightening them
upon an emery-wheel. Do you know what
an emery-wheel is?”

“No,” said Rollo and Lucy, together.

“Tt is a small wheel cut out of a board,
which goes round very fast by water. It
has leather all around the edge, and emery
on the leather, and they touch the screws on
this, and the wheel, going round very fast,
polishes the part of the screw which touches,
and makes it very bright. John would take
up a handful of screws in one hand, and then
take them, one by one, in the other, and just
touch them to the emery-wheel, and brighten
a little spot’ upon each ; and then drop them
into another box. After he had got them
all brightened, he took them to a bench, and
began to temper them.”

“ How?’ said Rollo.

“Why, he had a little pan of charcoal,
and over it a shallow iron basin, half full of
sand, which of course was hot. He would
JOHN’s Way. 153

put a few of his screws in the sand, and they
would gradually heat there. He watched
them, and as fast as they became blue on the
little spot that he had brightened, he would
take them out, and dip them in cold water.

“While he was at the emery-wheel,
brightening his screws, Mr. Naylor came to
look at them; and after examining the
wheel, said he wanted to have a wheel to
revolve faster, and he asked John if he could
plan the machinery to make one revolve
three hundred times in a second.

“John said he did not think he could.

““« Why, you seem to be something of a
scholar, John. Have you ever studied ge-
ometry ?’ said Mr. Naylor.

“No, sir,’ said John; ‘but I wantto study
it very much.’ ”

<7 thought it was likely,’ said Mr. Nay-
lor. ‘Well, there is to be an evening school
for teaching geometry in the village,—to
begin next week,—and if you wish, you
may go.’ .

“John liked this plan very much. He
was very diligent and attentive to his
geometry, and learned very fast, and the
Knowledge of it, that he acquired, helped
154 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

him very much in all his reading. He
could understand the drawings of various
machines, and descriptions of machines bet-
ter, and he could make a great many calcu-
lations, which he could not have made
before. In fact, John became at length so
learned, that he had very little hard work to
do. He was employed all the time in plan-
ning work, making drawings, and overseeing
other workmen; and at last, when he grew
up, Mr. Naylor took him into partnership.

“He was very profitable to Mr. Naylor,
for he had read so many books, that when-
ever any very difficult job came, he could
turn to some account of the manner in which
such a piege of work was done in other
countries, and could make drawings for the
workmen to work by. At length, one even-
ing, as they were walking home from the
shop, Mr. Naylor asked him if he should be
willing to go to England.

“¢ Certainly,’ said Mr. John; ‘1 should
like to go to England very much.’ P .

“Mr. John!” said Rollo; “what do you
call him Mr. John for?”

“ Why, he was a man now, and as he had
grown up in the shop from a boy, and was
JOHN’S WAY. 155

always called John when a boy, the men
gradually got into the habit of calling him
‘Mr. John.’ And now that was the name
he always went by.

“Mr. Naylor then said that he had an
application from a great rail-road company to
superintend the construction of a rail-road,
and it would be necessary for some one to
go out to England, and purchase the iron
rails, and chains, and iron for spikes, and
also the locomotives, and to examine the
foreign manufactories, so as to be able to
manufacture cars and locomotives in their
own machine shop, when he should get
home again.

“Mr. John said he should like to go very
much indeed; Mr. Naylor said his expenses
would be paid out of the profits of the busi-
hess. Mr. John had laid up a good deal of
money of his own, and he fitted himself out
with plenty of good, comfortable clothes and
drawing instruments, and every thing else
that he thought he should need.

“He travelled to New York in the stage,
and took passage in a Liverpool packet. He
went down to the packet in a steamboat on
the day of sailing, and when the steamboat
156 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

arrived alongside the packet, a couple of
sailors carried his handsome black leather
trunks into his state-room. He handed
them a shilling a-piece, and they touched
their hats, thanked him, and went away
for’ard to hoist the sails.

“There were many ladies and gentlemen
in the cabin, and Mr. John had a very pleas-
ant passage. He studied French several
hours every day, because he thought he
should wish to travel in France before he
came back, and it would be of great advan-
tage to him to know that language.

“here was one of the sailors on board,
that the captain called Jack.”

“Jack!” said Rollo; ‘“ what, was Jack in
the same ship?”

“No,” said Jonas; “it was not his old
friend Jack, though John thought at first it
was. But it was another person. In fact,
John found that Jack was a common name
among sailors. He found a good many
Jacks in the course of his voyages.

“Mr. John had a splendid time in his
tour. About the time that he got tired of
his ship, he reached port, and went ashore,
and travelled, in elegant stage-coaches from
JOHN’S WAY. 157

city to city, visiting great manufacturing
establishments, and curious and wonderful
public works. He was well supplied with
money, and had the dress and manners of
a gentleman, so that he was well received
wherever he went.

‘After spending some time in London, he
went to France, and travelled through that
country to Marseilles. There he set sail for
home, in a large ship loaded with silks.
There were a great many sailors on board
this ship, and among the rest there was a
Jack here too. He was at work coiling
away ropes, when Mr. John came aboard.
Mr. John looked at him as he always did
when he saw a sailor named Jack; but he
looked no more like his old playmate than
the dozen other Jacks that he had seen.

‘“Mr. John came down to the ship, with
his trunks and boxes in a cart behind.”

“With the locomotives in ’em?” said
Rollo.

“O, no,” said Jonas, “they were too big
to go so. He had shipped all his locomo-
tives and iron rails from Liverpool. These
boxes contained only some valuable books,
and instruments of various kinds, which he

14
158 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

had purchased at Paris. The captain called
out to Jack to take the gentleman’s baggage
on board. He then shook hands with Mr.
John, and invited him down into the cabin.

“Mr. John had a beautiful sail along the
shores of the Mediterranean.”

“Why, was he in the Mediterranean ?”’
asked Rollo.

“Yes,” said Jonas; “ Marseilles is a port
of the Mediterranean, and the ship sailed
along the coasts of France and Spain to-
wards Gibraltar. At last, the great Rock
hove in sight.”’

“What great rock?” said Rollo.

“The Rock of Gibraltar. It is a great
rock several miles long, and O, — very
high, like a mountain. Around the bottom
of it there are trees, and houses, and forts,
and on one side a great town. Up above the
town, there are long passages cut in the
rock, with great cannon in them to fire out
at the enemy. It is a famous place, — that
Gibraltar.

“The captain sailed into the bay, and
anchored off abreast of the Mole.”

‘; What is the Mole?” asked Rollo.

“OQ, it is a long building reaching out
JOHN’S WAY. 159

into the sea, with great cannon upon it,
and high walls. It is a curious place.

‘“When they had anchored, the captain
informed Mr. John that he should not sail
till next morning, and if he wished he ‘could
go ashore with him.

“Mr. John said he should like to go very
much ; so the captain called Jack, and told
him to go and get three good oarsmen to
pull him and Mr. John ashore.

“*¢ Yes, sir, I will,’ said Jack.

«That is one of the best sailors I have
got aboard,’ said the captain.

‘““¢ Hie looks like a fine fellow,’ said Mr.
John; and he watched him as he lowered
the boat and brought it alongside. Mr. John
and the captain stepped on board, and the
sailors rowed them ashore. 'They landed at
a curious landing-place, whick led under a
great arch in the wall. The mouths of
great cannon were pointing at them from all
the walls around. The captain then told
Jack to row back to the ship, and to come
ashore for them the next morning at eight
o’clock.

“Yes, sir,’ said Jack, touching his hat to
the captain ; ‘I will be here, sir.’
160 TWO WAYS TO GO TO SEA:

“As the captain was walking away, Mr.
John took two half-dollars out of his pocket,
and handed them to Jack, and asked him to
divide them among the oarsmen who had
rowed them ashore so handsomely.

“<¢ Thank you, sir,’ said Jack, taking them.
But instead of turning round at once to his
boat, he looked as if he wanted to say some-
thing, and Mr. John stopped a moment,
thinking that perhaps the sailor thought it
was not enough.

“In a moment, Jack said, ‘I believe [have
seen you before, sir, though I suppose you do
not remember me.’

«¢No,’ said Mr. John, looking him in the
face, ‘I don’t remember you.’

“¢Don’t you recollect your old playmate
Jack, who went to sea from Cape Cod in the
Almira?’

“¢Why, Jack, is it possible —is this you?’
and Mr. John recognized at length, in his
sunburnt and weather-beaten face, the fea-
tures of his old school-fellow. He shook
hands with him heartily, and talked a min-
ute or two, and then Mr. John called back
the captain.

“¢Captain,’ said he, ‘I have found that
JOHN’S WAY. 161

Jack, here, was an old playmate of mine at
school ; I have not seen him for many years.
If it is convenient for you to spare him, I
wish you would let him come ashore to-
night, and look about Gibraltar a little for
my sake.’

“* Certainly,’ said the captain. ‘You
may come, Jack. Go aboard and get ready,
and you may take any one with you, you
please, for company.’

‘‘ Jack thanked the gentlemen very much,
and bidding Mr. John good bye, he was pre-
paring to step into the boat. Before he
went, however, he said,

~“*T recollect you said when I saw you
last, Mr. John, that you meant to see foreign
countries in your own way, and I must con-
fess it is a much better way than mine.’ ”
14 *
162

AN EXPERIMENT.

Wuute Jonas had been telling the story
of the two ways of going to sea, the whole
party of travellers had gradually emerged
from the mountain district, and descended
into a spacious and beautiful plain, or rather
valley beyond. ‘They could see, many miles
before them, a large river flowing through
the plain, with villages, and richly cultivated
fields, and green meadows, spotted with elm-
trees, on either side. The children admired
the beauty of the scene, and after riding
about twenty miles in this open country;
they arrived at a large town upon the banks
of the river, which was the end of their
journey. Mr. Holiday soon despatched his
business. Jonas helped him, about some
writing that he had to do, the whole of one
day. He was copying papers almost all the
time, and Rollo, and his mother, and Lucy,
rambled about during that time, in the
fields.

pain sail = |,
AN EXPERIMENT. 163

In the evening, while Mrs. Holiday, and
Rollo, and Lucy, were seated at a work-table
in a parlor, waiting for Mr. Holiday and
Jonas to finish their writing, Rollo took up
a pin which was lying upon the work-table,
and said to Lucy,

‘““O,.Lucy, I mean to see if this pin will
turn straw-color, and blue, when I heat it ; ”
——and so saying he held the point of it in
the lamp.

“ That won’t turn straw-color, and blue,”
said Lucy.

“Why ?— it is bright,’’ said Rollo, hold-
ing it still in the flame;—but he had just
got the words spoken when he dropped the
pin, with a sudden exclamation, and began
rubbing and blowing his fingers.

His mother laughed aloud; Rollo smiled,
and looked rather foolish.

‘Did it burn you, Rollo?” said she.

‘““Not much,” said he, carefully touching
the pin upon the table to see if it had got
cool. It was cool; and Rollo, after examin-
ing it again, said there was not a bit of a
straw-color upon it any where.

“You can’t temper a pin,” said Lucy; “a
pin is brass; Jonas said steel.”
164 AN EXPERIMENT.

Rollo’s mother looked up from her work,
and seemed interested in what they were
saying.

Rollo replied to Lucy that a pin was not
brass, for brass was yellow, and a pin looked
white ; and so they appealed to Mrs. Hol-
iday.

“Is a pin brass?’’ said Rollo.

“Tsn’t it??? said Lucy.

“TT don’t know,” said Mrs. Holiday, look-
ing attentively at the pin; ‘I have always
understood that pins were made of brass,
and yet it is not the color of brass; that is
very plain. I will ask your father when he
comes.”

“Let us try it with a needle, Rollo,”
said Lucy; “a needle is of steel, I know.”

“ Well, if mother will give us one.”

“Yes, I will,” said she ; “but first tell
me what you want to do.”

Then Rollo and Lucy told her what
Jonas had said about tempering screws, and
about the colors which bright steel would
take when heated. While they were talk-
ing, she was selecting a needle from her
needle-book, and at length she handed it to
Rollo.
AN EXPERIMENT. 165

“Now, how shall I keep it from burning
my fingers?” said he.

“Here, stick it into this pencil for a han-
dle ;—no, I will make a handle of a piece
of paper,”’ said his mother.

So she took a small strip of paper, and
folded it over closely, like a lamp-lighter.
Then she stuck the needle into the end, in
such a manner that it projected beyond the
paper ; and then handed the whole apparatus
to Rollo.

Rollo held the end of the needle in the
flame of the lamp. In a few moments the
point was red hot, and when he took it out
of the lamp, it cooled again suddenly; but
there was a sort of a dark band between the
part which had been hot, and the bright part
of the needle which was inserted into the
paper.

“TI don’t see any straw-color, or blue,” ,
said he.

“Let me look,” said his mother.

Mrs. Holiday examined the dark band
more closely than Rollo had done.

“Yes,” said she, “I see it. "This dark
place has three colors. It is straw-color
166 AN EXPERIMENT.

outside, towards the paper; next, blue, and
farther in, deep purple.”

Rollo and-Lucy looked, and said they saw
it too; and they wanted to know what made
all the colors so near together.

Mrs. Holiday said she did not know.

“There is some black, too,” said Rollo,
pointing to the end of the needle which had
been in the flame.

“J think that is only smoke,’ said Mrs.
Holiday; and she wiped the needle with
a piece of paper, and all the smoke came off,
but the colored band remained firm.

They then tried the experiment again with
a large darning-needle, and they found that it
succeeded still better; for the several colors
were more distinct from each other, and
each occupied a broader space.

After they had examined the needles as
long as they wished, Rollo gave them back
to his mother, and she brightened them up
again, by rubbing them in her little emery-
bag. The emery in the bag was the same
kind with that used on emery-wheels, and
it polished the needles again at once, and
made them look as bright as before.

$e agian
AN EXPERIMENT. 167

After a time Mr. Holiday came in; but,
before he came, Rollo and Lucy had for-
gotten all about the needles, and were al-
most asleep upon a sofa. Mr. Holiday’s
coming in aroused them, and they wanted
him to tell them now about fences as he had
promised them. But he said he could not
then, but that they must go to bed so as to
be ready to set out to-morrow on their return,
and perhaps he would tell them something
on that subject then.

So they went to bed, and slept soundly
until morning.
168

FENCES.

Wuen they set out the next day, Rollo
observed that they were entering upon a
different road from the one by which they
had come. ‘The fact was, his father was
going to return another way, which was
shorter, and led through a more cultivated
country. When they were fairly under
way, Rollo asked his father to begin telling
them about fences.

‘Very well,” said he. ‘‘Let me see, I
was going to tell you about fences, by way
of proving that knowledge on the most com-
mon subjects will increase the pleasure and
interest you take in travelling.”’

“ Yes, sir,” said Lucy.

“] think you will find that there is some
interesting knowledge to be acquired about
fences. In the first place, what are fences
for?”

“<Q, to separate one field from another,”
said Rollo.
FENCES. 169

“Why is that necessary?” asked his
father.

‘“O, so that each man may know how far
his land goes.”

No,” said Mr. Holiday, “that is not the
reason. People could discern their boun-
daries very easily without making any
fences. The chief use of fences is to keep
animals, such as horses, oxen, cows, sheep,
&ec., off from cultivated land. Now, in order
to do this, any sort of barricade, about five
feet high, will answer, and it may be made
of any materials which are most conveniently
to be obtained. Now I will mention some
of the most common kinds of fences, and
describe each. They are: —

The brush fence.

. The log fence.

. The stake fence.

. The zigzag fence.

The post and rail fence.
. The board fence.

. The stone fence.”

“OQ, how many fences!” said Rollo.

“The brush fence,’ continued his father,
“is the easiest to make, and the cheapest ;
but it can only be made in the woods, or

15

NO oe WwW
—

170 FENCES.

where there is a great plenty of trees and
tall bushes. They have nothing to buy to
make it with, and need no tools but an axe.
A couple of men, with axes, g0 out into the
woods, and cut down small, bushy trees, and
lay them along upon the ground, the top of
one over the butt of the other; and the
branches make a kind of barricade five or
six feet high, that the cattle cannot get over.
If, in any place, the branches are not thick
enough, or high enough, they put other
smaller bushes on, and if necessary they
keep them up by cross-stakes driven into the
ground.”

“How?” said Rollo.

“Why, they drive two stakes into the
sround, so that the upper parts cross each
other like the letter X, and then the butt
end of the bush rests in the crotch. So you
see they only need axes to sharpen the
stakes, and to cut down the trees. They
generally have a yoke of oxen to haul the
trees to their places in the fence.”

“T never saw such a fence as that,” said
Rollo.

“] should like to see one,” said Lucy.

“They are very common in the woods,
FENCES. 171

but not in the open country. They cannot
be made except where there is a great plenty
of trees. And then, after a short time, the
branches get dry and brittle; and then the
fence is easily broken through, and it is very
combustible, and burns furiously if a fire
happens to get into it from fires in the
woods. Still, it is very commonly the way
that they make the first fences in the woods
on new farms.

“"The next kind of fence is a log fence.
This is ‘made of logs one over the other, and
is very solid and durable.’

‘How do they keep the logs up?” said
Rollo.

“Tn a curious way,” said Mr. Holiday.
“They first put one very large log down
upon the ground, in the direction of the
fence they are going to make. Then they
put down another, beyond, reaching still
farther on, where the fence is going to be.
But these logs are not placed exactly end to
end, but the ends lap by one another a little,
so that a short log may be placed across
from one to the other. So all the ground
logs have a short log passing across the ends
where they come together and the second
172 FENCES.

course of logs rests on these short logs, and
over these there are other short logs on
which the upper course of logs rests.”

“T should think they would roll off of the
short logs,” ‘said Rollo’s mother.

“They cut deep notches or hollows in
the short logs, and thus form beds for the
ends of the long logs to lie in securely.

“This makes a very good, substantial
fence, and a pretty cheap one, where they
have more tall trees for logs than they know
what to do with.”

‘‘T never saw one,” said Rollo.

“OQ, we passed them day before yester-
day ; but you did not notice them, I suppose.
They are not common in the open country,
for there the logs are worth a great deal more
for lumber or for firewood. ‘There is one
great advantage which this fence possesses ;
that is, there is no part underground, and
therefore, it does not rot easily.

‘Next comes the rail fence. When trees
and bushes grow scarce, the farmer has to
economize his materials, and so he splits up
his logs into rails, as they are called, and
then they will go a great deal further. He
generally gets cedar for this purpose, both
FENCES. 173

because it splits easily into long clefts, and
also because it is very durable.

“Then there must be some contrivance
for keeping the rails up, and there are several
plans. One way is to lay them, like a log
fence, with short pieces across the ends; but
this is not a good way.”

“Why not?” said Rollo.

‘The rails are not heavy enough to keep
themselves firm in their places, as the logs
are. So they have other modes. There,”’
continued Mr. Holiday, pointing over into a
field, ‘‘ there is one way.”

The children looked, and saw a fence
made of rails laid in a zigzag form, in such
a manner that the ends of the rails at the
corners were laid across one another, so as
to be supported without any post.

“That is a very common way of making
a rail fence,” said Mr. Holiday, “and there
are two advantages in it. One is, it saves
the trouble of making posts, and the other
is, no part of it is under ground to rot
away.”

‘““Why don’t they always make rail fences
so, then?” said Rollo.

‘‘Because,”’ said his father, “in the first

15*

 
174 FENCES.

place it requires more rails, on account of
the crooked direction, than would be neces-
sary for a straight fence ; and then, besides,
it takes up a great deal of ground. For they
can only plough and cultivate up to the
outer angles of the fence on each side,
which leaves a space of several feet be-
tween, useless.

‘A better way, therefore, to make the
rail fence is to put posts into the sround,
and then cut holes through the posts, and
put the ends of the rails into the holes.”

“Why don’t they nail them to the posts?”
asked Rollo.

“ Because the rails are so large, and irreg-
ular in shape, that it would be very difficult
to nail them; and the cost of the nails, too,
would be considerable.

“ Board fences come next. When the
timber of a country becomes more scarce, 80
that it is not easy to get rails, they use
boards.”

“Yes, sir,” said Rollo; “and they can nail
the boards.”’

“Yes, they put posts down sometimes,
and nail the boards to the posts; and some-
times they drive stakes down and support
eS a ee ep Oe ~~ — Oe 7 a ae ~

FENCES. 175

the boards by withs. Did you ever notice
a board fence made with withs?”

‘No, sir,” said Rollo.

“They drive down two stakes where the
ends of one length of the fence are to come;
one stake is on one side of the fence, and
the other upon the other. Then, after put-
ting in the lower boards, they bind in a with,
made of long, slender twigs, directly over the
upper edge of the lower board, in a very
curlous way, so as to bind the two stakes
together, and also to furnish a support for
the second board. The third or upper board
is supported in the same manner. Thus
they save all expense for nails, and they do
not have to dig post holes; for stakes that
are sharpened and driven down with an axe
will answer.

“A more substantial way is to set posts,
and nail the boards to the posts; and then
they generally nail a narrow piece up and
down the posts so as to cover and conceal
the ends of the boards.”

By the time Mr. Holiday had got so far as
this, in his descriptions, the children were
on the watch for the different kinds of fences,
as they passed along the road. ‘They ob-
176 FENCES.

served rail fences, and board fences of vari-
ous kinds, and were looking out very sharply
for every peculiarity in the mode of fixing
them. There were agood many stone walls,
and presently Rollo said that his father had
not told them about walls.

“No,” said he, “I was coming to that
next. Walls are the best kind of fences,
though they cost the most.”

“© father,” said Rollo, “I should not
think such old stones would cost any thing
at all.”

‘‘'™he stones themselves do not cost any
thing —it is the time and labor in hauling
them, and laying them in the wall. When
the stones are all ready on the land, it 1s an
excellent plan to make stone wall. It will
last a great many years.”’

‘‘T should think it would last forever,”
said Rollo’s mother.

“The frost heaves it a little every year,
until at length it gets out of shape at the
top, and finally tumbles down. You some-
times see an old stone wall, by the side of
the road, running in and out like a zigzag rail
fence. It is the work of the frost heaving
away upon the foundation, every year for
fancies. 177

perhaps fifty years. 'They can prevent this,
however, by making a foundation. ‘To get
a good foundation, they dig a long trench, as
deep as the frost goes, and then fill it up
with loose stones. The frost then cannot
heave it, and it stands firm and solid, per-
haps for a century.”

Rollo and Lucy both acknowledged that
they had been very much interested in this
lecture on fences, and they took a great deal
of interest and pleasure in observing the
various kinds of fences, all the rest of the
day. Mr. Holiday told them that that would
be the effect of knowledge on all subjects
whatever. ‘Learn, therefore, all you can,
children, on all subjects. For even if you
~ never have to turn your knowledge to prac-
tical account, the possession of it will often
be the means of giving you pleasure.”

Jonas had no time to tell the children any
more stories during this journey, for the
whole party soon reached home. The af-
ternoon before they arrived, however, when
they stopped at a tavern for the last time,
Rollo and Lucy were standing at the door,
impatient for the horses to finish their oats,
178 FENCES.

so that they might go on, for they were
eager to get home again. They saw Jonas
coming out of the barn.

“ Aye the horses ready?” said Rollo.

“ Not quite yet,” said Jonas.

‘“ What are they eating?” said Rollo.

“ A peck of oats apiece,” Jonas replied.

“A peck! O, how many! They'll get
some grass when we get home, won't they,
Jonas?”

“Yes,” said Jonas; ‘we shall turn them
out to pasture at once.”

“ Why don’t you put them into a pasture,
here, at the taverns, as we go along, and so
let them have grass instead of oats?”

“QO, because,”’ said Jonas.

‘“ Because what ?’’ asked Lucy.

“Why, it would take them longer to
make a dinner of grass. And besides, they
might jump over the fence; and then what
should we do?” |

“If it was a good rail fence of five bars,
they couldn’t,” said Rollo.

“How came you to know about rail
fences?’’ said Jonas.

“Father told us all about fences, the other
day,”’ replied Rollo.
FENCES. 179

* Did he?”

“Yes; and when I get home, I am going
to make some little fences.”

“So I would,” said Jonas. “You might
turn your little sand-garden, in the corner of
the yard, into a farm, and have a pasture,
and mowing field, and corn-field, and garden,
and then enclose all the different fields with
different kinds of fences.”

“So we can,” said Rollo, clapping his
hands.

“No, we can’t,” said Lucy; “we can’t
make the little fences.”

“Yes,” said Jonas, “I think you might.
You might make very good ones with a
knife and a gimlet.”

“What should we do for boards,” said
Lucy, ‘“‘to make a board fence ?”

“OQ, we could split up shingles,” said
Rollo.

“Yes,” said Jonas, “and you could use
twine for withes. I can show you how to
put it on.”

“And we can make a stone wall very
easily,” said Lucy, “for we can pick up the
stones all about the yard.”

“Yes,” said Jonas, ‘though it is not very
180 FENCES.

easy to lay stone wall so that it will stand
firm. But I must go and see if the horses
are ready.”

So Jonas went back again to the bam,
and the children determined that, the very
next day after they got home, they would
begin their farm, and put upon it models of
as many different kinds of fences as they
could make; and they thought that, with
Jonas’s help, it would be a good many. —
When they got into the carryall, Rollo asked
his father what he thought of the plan; and —
he said he thought it. was an excellent one ;
he even gave them some encouragement
that perhaps he would help them a little
himself.

Rollo and Lucy continued to talk about
this plan, until they reached the end of the
journey.

THE END.
JUVENILE BOOKS
PUBLISHED BY

WILLIAM D. TICKNOR,

Corner of Washington and School Streets,

BOSTON.

@

The JONAS SERIES, by Jacob Abbott. Author of the
Rollo Books, comprising

JONAS’S STORIES, related to Rollo and Lucy.
JONAS A JUDGE, or Law Among the Boys.
JONAS ON A FARM IN SUMMER.
JONAS ON A FARM IN WINTER,

These little works are neatly bound in cloth, and illus-
trated with numerous wood cuts. From the many fa-
vorable opinions already expressed of this entertaining
and instructive series, and of their author, the following
are selected.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS,

From the Christian Watchman,

Jonas’s Srorius.—The author of the Rollo Books
here displays his usual skill in entertaining and interesting
the young. He has a remarkable tact at presenting
knowledge in a lively manner, well calculated to secure
the attention of children. We doubt not our young
friends will read the Stories of Jonas with as much zest
as Rollo and Lucy listened to them.

From the Daily Advertiser.

Jonas’s Srorres.—Those who are already acquaint-
ed with the works of the same class, by the same au-
Q Juvenile Books

thor; will need no farther recommendation of these
stories. They are well adapted to engage the attention
of youthful readers.

 

From the Mercantilé Journal.

Jonas A Jupe@r.—This is another of that excellent
series of books by Mr. Abbott, which are so popular
among the younger classes of the community. It is full
of instruction and entertainment.

From the Evening Transcript.

Jonas A JupGre.—This neat little volume is made
ap of twelve tales, in which Jonas lays down general
principles in settling the disputes which arise between
Rollo and his companions, which are equally applicable
to cases of contention occurring among boys.

From the Christian Watchman.

Jonas A JupGe.—This book is one of law reports,
showing how cases are argued and determined among
boys, who happen to differ about the ownership of a
whip, or a kite, or sone’ equally important piece of pro
perty, and every boy who is desirous to know how to
settle such questions according to law and practice,
shoald immediately study it.

From the Daily Advertisér.

Jonas ON A Farm.—Jonas is a sterling character,
and the young people are never tired of reading his ex-
ploits. Jonas on a Farm is not the least interesting of
this admirable series.

From a New York paper.

Jonas oN A Farm.—We welcome another of those
capital children’s books by Jacob Abbott,—than whom
here is no better writer in our country for youth. Jonas
on a Farm in Summer and in Winter, are excellent little
works, and calculated to produce much benefit from
perusal,
 

Published by William D. Ticknor. 3
~—~speeittieetcecipsepeneneateingh rabeiaiae aaettes. ba

Extract from the Preface to Jonas on a Farm.

These works are designed not merely to interest and
amuse the juvenile reader, but to give him instruction,
‘by exemplifying the principles of honest integrity and
plain practical good sense, in their application to the or-
dinary circumstances of childhood.

 

GOOD’S BOOK OF NATURE abridged, by Mrs.
Sarah J. Hale. A neat volume, adupted to the read-
ing of Children and Youth, with Questions for the use
of Schools, and illustrations from original designs.

OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.

From the Evening Gazette.

We are not a little surprised that a plan so strikingly.
judicious has not been carried into execution before, and
we commend the work to our young friends, assured
that it will afford instruction of the most valuable and en-
during character.

From the Annals of Education.

This is a valuable abridgment of an excellent work,
well adapted to children and youth, Among the thou-
sand books written for children, we know of none better
than this.

From the Lowell Journal.

In this little book is condensed the most interesting
and material points of information, in a plain and familiar
style, which cannet but be attractive and useful. One
such book is worth a thousand tracts and tales, because
it inspires thoughts and excites eager thirst for true know-
ledge in the youthful mind.

From the American Traveller.

Geod’s Book of Nature abridged, for schools and fami-
lies, meets with uncommon favor from the whole news-
4 Juvenile Books

 

, paper press. And in fact it is worthy of unqualified
praise. It is printed in a very neat and substantial man-
ner, and sold at a very moderate price.

LAMBERT LILLY’S HISTORIES.

Tue Srory or rHE AMERICAN REVOLUTION,
illustrated by Tales, Sketches and Anecdotes, with
numerous Engravings. 374 cents.

il

Wi

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i HA
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A lh se s

Ki i, \ i Nae ~%

Hn,
if ie Mn Pe
: hn odin “

 

In this little work, the author has attempted to relate
the story of our glorious Revolution in a simple manner,
so that it may be interesting and instructive to childrem
Published by William D. Ticknor. 5

 

ees «atten ~—_—-—-

and youth. He has not adopted a very regular method
of treating the subject, but has endeavored to keep alive
the interest of the reader by a variety of tales, anecdotes
and sketches, illustrative of the events with which they
are connected.

Tue History or New ENGLAND, giving an ac-
count of the Puritans, early history of the settlement
of Plymouth, Boston, Salem, &c. ; also an account
of the Indians, their mode of Life, Wars, Mas-
sacres,&c. 374 cents.

MI i i | .

Ln :
T 4 ee 2
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== Ay ias (a a7

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This is the second volume of the series, designed to
afford a substitute for works of fiction, generally put into
the hands of children.

2

“ee &

 
6 Juvenile Books

 

 

THe Earyty History oF THE SOUTHERN STATES,
Virginia, North and South Carolina, and Georgia, il-
lustrated by Tales, Anecdotes and Adventures. 374 cts.

Res, MI

ia Conta
) Haug Ata “ {

 

This volume is also abundantly supplied with engra-
vings, and gives the early voyages along the coast of the
Southern States, an account of Sir Francis Drake, Sir
Walter Raleigh, the settlement of Jamestown, Captain
Smith, story of Pocahontas, massacre of the whites, the
Indian war of 1715, the revolution of 1719, &c., &c.
Published by Williaw D. Ticknor. 3

-

Tue Hisrory or rHe WresteRN STATES, witis
numerous Engravings. 374 cents.

 

 

Containing a description of the Valley of the Missig-
sippi and other territory of the West, buffalo hunts,
beaver trapping, anecdotes of character, scenes on board
the steamboats, manners of the Western settlers, early
history of Florida, wars between the French and Span-
jards, contests between the English and French, anec-
dotes of Daniel Boone, the great hunter, stories of New
England emigrants, life in the West, Christian mission-
aries, &c., &c.

3
 

B Juvenile Books

 

a

ue History or THE Mippie Starrs, New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and
Maryland. Illustrated with many Plates. 374 cents.

oy deg ash

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‘This work contains an account of William Penn, first
settlement of New Jersey, stories about fishing, wolf
hunting, treaties with the Indians, the Dutch settlements
in New York, quarrels with the Connecticut settlers,
French expedition against the Mohawks, settlement of
Delaware, expedition of emigrants, &ec., &c.
Published by William D. Ticknor. y

SCENES OF AMERICAN WEALTH AND JIN-
DUSTRY, in Produce,’ Manufactures, Trade, the’
Fisheries, &c., &c: For the Instruction and Amuse-
ment of Children and Youth, with Engravings.

EXTRACTS FROM NOTICES OF THE WORK.

From the Mercantile Journal.

It is compiled with judgment and care, and is a most!
useful and entertaining bouk.

From the Portsmouth, N. H., Journal.

It blends instruction and amusement in: a manner that’
renders it peculiarly fitted for Juvenile readers, and en-
grafts: knowledge’ on the mind without theaid of tuition.-
We would recommend: to those parents who have’ the
intelligence to give their children books instead of toys,
to purchase one of these little volumes, which will.
afford them a knowledge of America, its:sonrces of wealth,
and the means by which honest industry’ obtains it.

EARLY IMPRESSIONS. A very useful and enter-
taining little book, containing, Domestic Scenes, Dan-
gers of Youth, Lessons of Resignation, &c., &e.

LESSONS FOR CIMNLDREN, by Mrs: Barbauld. A
new und beautiful Edition, with fine’ Engravings. 50
cents.

VOYAGES AND ADVENTURES OF JACK HAL-
LIARD IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN, with a great
number of Illustrations. 374 cents.

This popular little book contams the narrative of HaiL
liard’s whaling voyages,—how he happened to go on
board the whale ship, with numerous anecdotes of his
hazardous enterprises among the ice, &c., &c.

PETER PARLEY’S SMALL PICTURE BOOKS,
with colored frontispieces and neatly printed covers,
16mo., assorted, viz.—Presents to his Little Friends
~The Two Friends, or Harry and his Dog—Robert
i0 Juvenile Books.
cee OCC
Seaboy the Bird Robber—Alice Gray, or the Young
Dreamer—The Little Wanderers—The Freshet, or
the Morning Walk—The Little Gardener—Umbrella
and the 'Tiger—The Orphans, &c.

COLORED TOYS, six kinds, containing Nouns or
Things—Child’s Own Alphabet—The Picture Alpha-
bet, ard the Child’s Own Book, 3 Nos.

 

SERIES OF FRENCH READING BOOKS, FOR
YOUNG PEOPLE.

No. 1. Easy Lessons ror LEARNING FRENCH.
Selected from the most approved Authors.

The purpose of the present work, is to furnish stories
and other pleasant exercises for translating from the
French into the English, adapted to beginners in the
study of the language who are yet children,

No. 2. TaLes 1N FRENCH, FOR YouneG PER-
sons, by Madame Guizot.

The stories in this volume are taken from the works,
entitled Une Famille and Les Enfans, and it is be-
lieved they will not suffer from a comparison with the
similar works of Miss Edgeworth, whose spirit they
breathe, and whose merit they at least equal in the
dramatic interest with which they inculcate the most im-
portant principles in the formation of character.

No. 3. CAROLINE OU L’ erret D’ un Mat-
HEUR, a Tale for Young Persons, by Madame
Guizot.

This book consists of a single story, and is taken from
dhe second volume of Une Famille, ouvrage a |’? Usage
de la Lermeuse. Like the other stories of Madame
Guizot, it is beautifully written, and may be read with
pleasure, not only by the young, for whom it was origin-
Juvenile Books. it

 

ally intended, but by persons of all ages, and especially
those to whom the immediate nurturing of the young is

entrusted.

 

A general assortment of Juvenite Works, to the
selection of which particular attention is paid, for sale at
the store, corner of Washington and School streets,

NEW AMERICAN JUVENILES.

Cousin Lucy’s Stories, by
Jacob Abbott.

Cousin Lucy’s Conversa-
tions, by Jacob Abbott.
Cousin Lucy at Study, by

Jacob Abbott.
Cousin Lucy on the Sea
Shore, by Jacob Abbott.
Cousin Lucy on the Moun-
tains, by Jacob Abbott.
Kriss Kringle’s Book.
Youth’s Keepsake, 1842.
The Annualette, 1842.
Gammer Grethel’s German
Stories.
Rollo’s Code of Morals.
The Juvenile Naturalist.
‘The Fairy Gem.
Useful and Happy.
Scenes in the Hely Land.
Masterman Ready.
Poplar Grove.
Looking-glass for the Mind.
Paul Preston’s Travels.
ss “s Gymnastics.

Mary Howitt’s Juvenile
Books, 7 vols.

Early Friendships.

The Gem.

The Little Forget-me-not.

Robert Ramble’s Books.

The Young Observers.

The Discontented Robins.

The Token of Affection.

Mrs. Sherwood’s Orphan
Boy.

Stories by Miss Sedgwick.

The Youth’s Portfolio.

Sketches of Real Life.

Parley’s Farewell.

Robert Merry’s Museum.

Parley’s Wonders.

Robert Merry’s Annual.

Extracts from Early Les-
sons.

Nursery Songs.

Willy’s Rambles.

Playhouse and Workshop.

Birth-day Gift.

Simple Sketches.
12 Books

 

Parley’s Every-day Book.

Sowing and Reaping.

Hope on, Hope ever.

Who shall be Greatest.

Young Cadet.

Jessie Graham.

Charles Linn.

Parley’s Book of Poetry.

Christmas Gilt.

Blind Alice.

Ramble’s Roman Stories.

Parent’s Assistant.

Boy’s Story Book.

Boy’s Own Book.

Child’s << as

Life of Christ.

Good’s Book of Nature,
abridged.

Mrs. Marcet’s Seasons.

Short Stories for Children.

Parley’s Magazine.

Keepsake Souvenir, by Ma-
ry Hughes.

 

 

ee ee NS He

Wealth and Worth.
What’s to be Done.

HAWTHORNE’S BOOKS.

Grandfather’s Chair.
Famous old People.
Liberty Tree.

Biographical Stories.

ROLLO BOOKS.

Learning to Talk.
Learning to Read.
At Work.

At School.
Experiments.
Correspondence.
Philosophy, 2 vols.
At Play.
Vacation.
Museum.

Travels.

Code of Morals,

 

ALSO,
For the ‘instraction and amusement of youth, a five

inch TERRESTRIAL GLOBE, in mahogany stand, with
graduated Meridian and Zodiac. Price, $2,00.

FAMILY APPARATUS; or INTELLECTUAL
TOYS, put up neatly in a small box.—Comprising a
great variety of Useful and Interesting Articles, adapt-
ed to Children from 18 months to 8 years of Age.
Price for the set, $4,00.

The great question is, what is the best selection of
objects to bring in contact with children, on which they
may exert and spend their strength of body, mind, and
feeling? Employed they must and will be,—they ought
Published by William D. Ticknor. 13

to be,—the question is how? Every one will say, of
course, that those associations and that employment are
best for children, which are best calculated to give them
a healthy body, a vigorous mind, and a pious heart.
It is under those views, that the intellectual toys for
children have been selected.

This set consists of twenty blocks, or bricks as they
are sometimes called, with the pictures and names of va-
rious animals and other common objects ; two cards of
geometrical diagrams, two of geometrical letters, six
reading cards, two cards of maps, one of manuscript
letters, and one with an arithmeticon, the nine digits,
and some lines of measure ; a set of separate and trans-
ferrable letters, with a composing-stick, for children to
use in forming words ; a numeral frame, six inch rule,
square, slate, and three inch globe, thirteen geometrical
solids, and six geological specimens, with a box for con-
taining the whole.

NEW TESTAMENT.

Just PUBLISHED a beautiful 12m. edition of the
New TesTaMeEnr, printed on fine paper and large
type. ‘This is altogether the best one of the size ever
printed in the country as it regards type, paper and
binding.

NOTICES.

From the Christian Watchman.

We hope this beautiful volume will be found in all
our families, in place of those dim and contracted copies
which render the sacred volume so unattractive in its
outward appearance.

From the Boston Courier.

This volume is printed in the best possible taste. It
is clear and handsome, without being formal or showy,
As to size and price, we have seen no copy of the Tes~
tament better calculated for general use,
14 Books.
| > ain
From the Morning Post.
As regards printing, paper and binding, this is the best
edition ever issued in the country. Such a size has long
been wanted.

Extract of a Letter from Rev. Andrew P. Peabody.

I received with much pleasure a copy of your late
edition of the New ‘Testament. It is one of the most
beautiful books that I have ever seen, and I rejoice that
the same skill and taste in typography, which have been
so successfully employed in rendering other subjects and
books attractive, have been so happily applied in this
instance to the sacred writings. I attach a high moral
importance to such editions. I believe that among per-
sons not religiously interested in the Bible, respect and
reverence for it have been diminished by the uncomely
form in which it is most frequently seen.

PRICES.
Sheep binding, plain, $1,00
Roan do. do. 1,50
Calf do. do. 1,75
do. do. gilt edge, 2,00
Turkey morocco, plain, 2,50
do. do. gilt edge, 3,00

 

COMBE ON THE CONSTITUTION OF MAN, con-
sidered in relation to External Objects, with an Addition-
al Chapter on the Harmony between Phrenology and
Revelation, by Joseph A. Warne, A. M.

This valuable work has already reached the 12th
edition in this country, and has been very much enlarged,
It is universally acknowledged to be one of the most im-
portant books that has yet appeared, as the subjects of
which it treats are all entitled to the highest considera-
tion. Among its contents are embraced remarks on the
natural laws of man; on the constitution of man, and its
relation to external objects; on the sources of human
happiness, and the conditions requisite for maintaining it;
on the application of the natural laws to the practical
Books, &c. 1

arrangements of life; on the calamities arising from in
fringements of the laws of nature; on punishments,
&c., &e.

This volume is published by William D. Ticknor, to
whom orders for single copies, or quantities at a liberal
discount, may be addressed. Every family in our coun~
try should be supplied with copies, and no public or pri-
vate library should be without them.

DISSECTED MAPS of the various Countries and
States in each hemisphere, Games, Puzzles, &c.
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AMERICAN HISTORICAL CARDS. A set of Ques-
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the Govertiment of the United States.—Designed for
the instruction and amusement of young persons.

ENGLISH BIBLES AND 'TESTAMENTS. Just im-
ported a fine assortment of Oxford and Cambridge
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Also, English and American editions of the Common
Prayer, in elegant bindings, of various sizes.

HYMN BOOKS used by various denominations, in-
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mody, Winchell’s Watts, &c., &c., in plain and ele-
gant bindings.

Also, all the popular MUSIC BOOKS for the Parlor and
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Haydn Collection, Boston Academy’s Collection,
The Boston Anthem Book, The Choir, The Modern
Psalmist, The Sacred Choir, The Massachusetts Col-
lection, Carmina Sacra, I'he Odeon, The American
Harp, The Ancient Lyre, Kingsley’s Social Choir,
The Northern and Southern Harp by Mrs. Dana,
Parlor Melodies, The Lyrist, American Glee Book,
Gentleman’s Glee Book, &c., &c. Also, Singing
Books for Children used in schools,—The Boston
School Song Book, Juvenile Singing School, Little
Songs for Little Singers, &c., &c.

 
16 Advertisement.

peer eer ecg ere cere a

WILLIAM D. TICKNOR, —

PUSLISHUER, BOOKSELLER, STATIONER,
AND
Importer of Foreign Books,
CORNER OF WASHINGTON AND SCHOOL STREETS,

BOSTON.

 

Always on hand a complete assortment of School,
Classical, Theological, Medical and Miscellaneous Books,
(including a large assortment of valuable books in elegant
bindings,) and a great variety of best English and Ameri-
can Stationery, which will be sold at the lowest market
prices.

Susscriprions received for all the popular Periodi-
cals of the day,—Foreign and American.

3c Mustc bound, and books re-bound in the best
manner at short notice.

N. B. . Card plates engraved in every variety of styles,
and cards printed with despatch.
 
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