14 POPULAR SCRIPTURE ZOOLOGY. approach in their habits and formation to the vegetable kingdom. These kingdoms were formerly considered so completely separated from each other, as to preclude the possibility of their being confounded together; but later discoveries have proved that these apparently impassable barriers were not raised by the hand of Nature, and that there are connecting links so fine and delicate, as to render very difficult the question of where each begins and ends. Mr. Rymer Jones thus beautifully expresses this uncer- tainty with regard to the animal and vegetable kingdoms :— “Light and darkness are distinct from each other, and no one possessed of eyesight would be in danger of con- founding night with day; yet he who, looking upon the evening sky, would attempt to point out precisely the line of separation between the failing day and the approaching night, would have a difficult task to perform. Thus it is with the physiologist, who endeavours to draw the boundary between these two great kingdoms of Nature; for so gra- dually and imperceptibly do their confines blend, that it is at present utterly out of his power to define exactly where vegetable existence ceases and animal life begins.” In Maunder’s ‘Treasury of Natural History’ (a most valu- able assistant to the student) the animal kingdom is thus