and 3 or 4 dorsal setae. Anal process short, coni-
cal, and heavily sclerotized. VENTER--Mem-
branous with cruciform pores concentrated on
submargin. Legs well developed. Antennae 6-
segmented. About 65 quinquelocular pores (Fig.
19, P) in each spiracular furrow. Tubular ducts
(Fig. 19, S) with asymmetrical cups, each duct
with the basal portion of filament greatly ex-
panded, in submarginal band, ending anterior
to anal cleft and just posterior of eyes. MARGIN -
With 20-30 pointed, conical spiracular setae
(Fig. 19, D) in 2-3 rows. Marginal setae (Fig.
19, B) bristle shaped, numerous.
DISTRIBUTION: Map IV. AL, DC, GA, LA,
MD, MO, MS, NC, NM, NY, SC, TX, VA.
Foreign: Bermuda, British Honduras, Curacao,
Ecuador, Hong Kong, Mexico, Montserrat,
Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, and Trinidad.


 Map IV. Distribution of Ceroplastes floridensis.

BIOLOGY: All stages are found on stems,
branches, and leaves of host plants. Males have
not been recorded for this species.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Ceroplastes
floridensis is an economic pest on many or-
namental plants in Florida and throughout its U.
S. distribution. When large populations occur,
sooty mold may become a problem because large
quantities of honeydew are excreted. This scale
insect is also a potential economic pest of Citrus.
NATURAL ENEMIES: Coccophagus lycimnia


(Walker) is a cosmopolitan parasite of many Coc-
coidea (Peck, 1963). Scutellista cyanea was in-
troduced into Florida in 1898 against C.
floridensis, but little is known about its effec-
tiveness (Bartlett in Clausen, ed. 1978). Accord-
ing to Krombein et al. (1979), it was successful
and is now very common from Delaware south to
Florida and west to California. Metaphycus
eruptor (Howard) also occurs from Virginia
south to Florida (Krombein, et al., 1979).
REMARKS: Florida wax scale is without a
mediodorsal clear area. The spiracular setae are
lanceolate with pointed apices and number
about 25. In the U. S. this is the only Ceroplastes
species which has tubular ducts with an ex-
panded inner filament.
MATERIAL STUDIED: FLORIDA: Delray
Beach, 2(2), Bursera simaruba, 31-111-1981, R.
Garry; Gainesville, 1(1), Pinus elliottii,
9-11-1970, A. E. Graham; Key West, 1(1), Coc-
coloba diversifolia, 5-IV-1971, W. H. Pierce;
Lake City, 1(1), Tsuga canadensis, 7-IX-1978, A.
E. Graham; Miami, 1(1), Ficus sp., 16-III-1970,
J. Halstead; Panama City, 2(2), Elaeagnus sp.,
30-X-1973, R. Osterlag; Stuart, 1(1), Eugenia
sp., 31-1-1978, E. W. Campbell; Tampa, 1(1),
Eugenia compact, 13-XI-1973, C. W. Hale.



 CEROPLASTES NAKAHARAI Gimpel

 SYNONYMS: Ceroplastes nakaharai Gimpel
 1974:52 (in Gimpel et al.
 1974)
 SUGGESTED COMMON NAME: Nakahara
 wax scale
 FIELD DESCRIPTION: Wet wax (Fig. 20) oval
 in young females, rectangular in old specimens in
 dorsal view, nearly flat laterally, ca. 2 mm high.
 Wax yellowish brown without marginal flange,
 plate or nuclei. Cephalic dry wax filaments sim-
 ple, unusually broad, smooth apically on young
 females, fringed apically on old females. Other
 filaments apically fringed. Length 2.0-7.0 mm,
 width 1.0-6.0 mm.
 DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 21) Adult female oval,
 dark purplish brown, anal process short extend-
 ing forward to mesothorax in old females.
 Length 5.0 mm, width 4.5 mm. DoRSUM Derm
 membranous with 1 cephalic, 1 mediodorsal, 6
 lateral clear areas. Dorsal setae (Fig. 21, A)
 variable in shape, scattered over derm with the
 exception of clear areas. Anal plates each with 3
ventral and 4 dorsal setae. VENTER-Legs well
developed, without tibiotarsal scleroses; claw