venter, less numerous near meson. Quin-
quelocular pores (Fig. 13, Q) in irregular bands
of 80-150 pores in each spiracular furrow; several
pores with more than 5 loculi present.
Multilocular pores (Fig. 13, R) on 7th abdominal
segment around vulva, fewer on each preceding
abdominal segment. Tubular ducts (Fig. 13, T)
with inner filament nearly as long and much nar-
rower than basal part of the duct, located in
cephalic region, and near vulva. Legs, well
developed without tibiotarsal scleroses, unequal
claw digitules, claws with denticles. Antennae
6-segmented. MARGIN Marginal bristle-shaped
setae (Fig. 13, B) evenly spaced except where in-
terrupted by spiracular setae. Spiracular setae
(Fig. 13, D) bullet-shaped to lanceolate with
pointed apices, in 6 irregular rows. Filamentous
ducts (Fig. 13, K) in 2 marginal rows.
DISTRIBUTION: Map I. AL, AR, DC, GA, IL,
LA, MS, MD, NC, NJ, NY, OK, SC, TX, VA.
Foreign: Australia, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan,
Panama, Puerto Rico, and Virgin Islands.


population when they occur (Gimpel et al.
1974).
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Ceroplastes
ceriferus is an economic pest of ornamental
plants in Florida and throughout its U.S.
distribution. It secretes large quantities of
honeydew which provides a medium for sooty
mold. The sooty mold may become so dense that
it interferes with photosynthesis.
REMARKS: The anteriorly projecting wax horn
(Fig. 12, A) has a tendency to fall over (Fig. 12,
B) on old female specimens; however, its
presence is always evident on close examination.
This horn will separate this species from all other
Ceroplastes species in Florida. When compared
on a world-wide basis, C. pseudoceriferus has a
similar appearance, but C. ceriferus has about 10
marginal setae between the anterior stigmatic
furrows and about 3 such setae between each
anterior and posterior stigmatic furrow, whereas
C. pseudoceriferus has 40 between anterior fur-
rows and about 10 between posterior and
anterior furrows (Gimpel et al. 1974).
MATERIAL STUDIED: MARYLAND: College
Park, 2(2), Pyracantha coccinea, 18-VIII-1970,
G. W. Dekle; ALABAMA: Auburn, 1(1),
Camellia sasanqua, 4-XI-1970, H. F. McQueen;
FLORIDA: Eustis, 1(1), Viburnum sp.,
26-11-1970, A. L. Bentley; Leesburg, 2(2),
Platanus sp., 26-VI-1969, A. L. Bentley;
Palatka, 1(1), Salix sp., 29-VII-1980, K. Elliott;
Winter Haven, 1(1), Magnolia virginiana, 28-I-
1976, Training Class #32.



 CEROPLASTES CIRRIPEDIFORMIS
 COMSTOCK


Ceroplastes cirripediformis
 Comstock 1881:333
Ceroplastes euphorbiae Cocker-
 ell, Gimpel et al. 1974:29
Ceroplastes mexicanus Cocker-
 ell, Gimpel et al. 1974:29
Ceroplastes plumbaginis Cock-
 erell, Gimpel et al. 1974:29


 Map I. Distribution of Ceroplastes ceriferus.

BIOLOGY: In colder areas, Indian wax scale
overwinters as an adult female. In early spring, a
thousand or more eggs are laid and hatch in 2 to
3 weeks (Williams & Kosztarab 1972). The first
instar nymphs settle on the stems or twigs, and
the females develop through 4 instars (Williams
& Kosztarab 1972) while the males go through
5. Males are rare and comprise only 2% of the


COMMON NAME: barnacle scale
FIELD DESCRIPTION: Wet wax rectangular to
oval in dorsal view (Fig. 14), without horn, beige
to grayish white, divided into 1 dorsal and 6
lateral plates with nuclei. Dry wax with
filaments as follows: cephalic trifurcate, with
acute apices; anterolateral bifurcate; caudal
with weakly divided bifurcate apices. Spiracular
wax bands visible. Length 1.0-7.0 mm, width
1.0-5.0 mm.


SYNONYMS:


CD
4~P~