8'. Dorsum without dense pattern of small
 8-shaped pores; abdominal quinque-
 locular or multilocular pores occurring
 on anterior segments Toumeyella, p. 115
 9(5). Anal plate with a large discal seta (Fig.
 84, D); dorsal derm with polygonal
 reticulations or cell-like oval areas,
 membranous or heavily sclerotized; dor-
 sal setae conical....... Saissetia, p. 106
 9'. Without this combination of charac-
 ters ......................... 10
 10(9). Dorsum strongly sclerotized with poly-
 gonal reticulations (Fig. 54) or divided
 into plate-like areas (Fig. 41) ........ 11
 10'. Dorsum membranous or sclerotized,
 without polygonal reticulations or plate-
 like areas ................... .... 12
 11(10). Each polygonal section with a pale area
 (cell-like); dorsal setae cylindrical or
 capitate; marginal setae stout and fim-
 briate ............ Parasaissetia, p. 68
 11'. Each plate without a pale area; dorsal
 setae slender, curved; marginal setae
 slender, simple, or bifid ..............
 ................. Eucalymnatus, p. 50
 12(10). Ventral submargin with numerous tubu-
 lar ducts, often in a band ........... 14
 12'. Ventral submargin without tubular
 ducts or only a few present ......... 13
 13(12). Ventral tubular ducts present; dorsal
 setae spine-like, cylindrical, capitate, or
 clavate; submarginal tubercles present
 or absent .............. Coccus, p. 36

13'. Ventral tubular ducts absent; dorsal
 setae slender, slightly curved, pointed;
 submarginal tubercles absent .........
 ................ Mesolecanium, p. 63
14(12). Legs with tibiotarsal sclerosis and free
 articulation (Fig. 10, A) .......... 15

14'. Legs without tibiotarsal sclerosis and
 free articulation (Fig. 10, B) ....... 17
15(14). Spiracular setae in groups of 2 .........
 ....... ....... ... Luzulaspis, p. 61
15'. Spiracular setae in groups of 3 ....... 16
16(15). With 12-20 pairs of submarginal tuber-
 cles; ventral submarginal,tubular ducts
 with inner filaments as wide or wider
 than the ducts (Fig. 59, Q) ............
 ............ Parthenolecanium, p. 70


16'. Less than 12 pairs of submarginal tu-
 bercles; ventral submarginal tubular
 ducts with slender inner filaments (Fig.
 69, R) .............. Pulvinaria, p. 85
17(14). Dorsal setae cylindrical or capitate;
 marginal setae stout, fimbriate ........
 ................. Parasaissetia, p. 68
17'. Dorsal setae slender, hair-like, or spine-
 like; marginal setae bristle-like, spine-
 like, or conical, not fimbriate ....... 18
18(17). Submarginal ventral tubular ducts ab-
 sent on head, many on median region
 of abdomen; large discoidal pores ex-
 tending from anterior of anal plates to
 head (Fig. 74, H)..... Pulvinaria, p. 85
18'. Submarginal ventral tubular ducts pres-
 ent on head; absent or few present in
 median region of abdomen; large dis-
 coidal pores, if present, confined to ab-
 dom en ................... ..... 19
19(18). Peritreme of thoracic spiracles longer
 than length of coxae (Fig. 43); spiracu-
 lar setae subequal to or shorter than
 marginal setae; dorsal setae slender or
 spine-like .......... Eulecanium, p. 52
19'. Peritreme of thoracic spiracles equal to
 or shorter than length of coxae; one
 spiracular seta in each group longer
 than others and longer than marginal
 setae (Fig. 56, E) ...................
 ............ Parthenolecanium, p. 70


 *Vinsonia stellifera (Westwood) is a
 monotypic species which is very similar
 to members of the genus Ceroplastes,
 particularly C. rubens Maskell. It differs
 in having a distinctive star-shaped wax
 covering (Fig. 101).

 Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell)
 normally does not have spiracular setae
 which differ from marginal setae, but
 in a very few specimens, 1 or 2 spiracu-
 lar setae in each group may be stouter
 than the marginal setae.