in all species studied. They are scattered over the
entire ventral surface but are most numerous in
the submarginal area of the body. The ducts
open to the surface through round, oval, square-
shaped, or cruciform orifices. Filamentous ducts
(Fig. 13, K) are found in Ceroplastes ceriferus in
a dorsal and ventral marginal row, and in C.
sinensis in a ventral marginal row around the
body. Tubular ducts (Fig. 8, E) were found in all
species studied except Mesolecanium
nigrofasciatum. Many types of tubular ducts
occur in the Coccidae. Three main types can be
recognized: tubular ducts with slender, knobbed
inner filaments (Fig. 13, T); tubular ducts with
flowery tipped inner filaments which are one-


fourth to one-half times as wide as the duct itself
(Fig. 8, E); and tubular ducts with expanded
inner filaments which are as wide as the ducts
themselves (Fig. 19, S, and Fig. 84, E). Various
types of ducts are illustrated in Fig. 10, I and J.
The position or arrangement of the tubular ducts
varies between genera and between species. The
shape and position of the tubular ducts are im-
portant taxonomic characters.
 Microspines (Fig. 8, S): Small spine-like pro-
jections of the derm occur in all species of Coc-
cidae studied. They are in various patterns on the
thorax, abdomen, and along the margin of the
anal cleft.


 KEY TO THE GENERA OF COCCIDAE IN THE
 SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES
(BASED ON SLIDE MOUNTED ADULT FEMALES)


1. Anal plates 1.5 to 4 times as long as wide
 (part anterior to lateral angles longer
 than posterior part); body shape pyri-
 form or triangular ................. 2
1'. Anal plates less than 1.5 times as long as
 wide (plates somewhat quadrate or part
 posterior to lateral angles longer than
 anterior part); body shape variable ... 3
2(1). Mesothoracic and metathoracic coxae
 different in shape than prothoracic
 coxae (Fig 47); ventral tubular ducts
 absent ................. Kilifia, p. 58
2'. Mesothoracic and metathoracic coxae
 similar in shape to prothoracic coxae;
 ventral tubular ducts present..........
 ............... Protopulvinaria, p. 78
3(1). Spiracular setae numerous, stout, coni-
 cal, hemispherical, or bullet-shaped;
 derm around anal plates sclerotized or
 anal plates on a sclerotized anal process
 (Fig. 11) .......... ........... 4
3'. Spiracular setae usually 0-3 per group,
 spine-like, occasionally undifferentiated
 from marginal setae; derm around anal
 plates membranous or sclerotized, anal
 process absent .................. .. 5
4(3). One pair of long setae between anten-
 nae. Dorsum with triangular trilocular
 pores, often with quinquelocular pores .
 ................... Ceroplastes, p. 18


4'. More than 1 pair of long satae between
 antennae. Dorsum with simple pores ...
 ................... Vinsonia*, p. 128
5(3). Legs absent, vestigial or greatly re-
 duced ................... ....... 6
5'. Legs well developed, at least two times
 longer than length of thoracic spiracles .
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 9
6(5). Antennae vestigial (one segment); legs
 absent; with a median band of pores ex-
 tending from anterior of anal plates to
 head .................. Inglisia, p. 56

6'. Antennae reduced (4-6 segments); legs
 present, reduced; without median band
 of pores ........................ 7
7(6). Dorsum with dense pattern of invagi-
 nated bilocular pores (Fig. 67, E), each
 locule containing a quinquelocular pore;
 spiracular setae absent; anal ring with 8
 setae .......... Pseudophilippia, p. 84
 7'. Dorsum without dense pattern of in-
 vaginated bilocular pores as above,
 spiracular setae present (except Tou-
 meyella parvicornis**); anal ring with
 10setae ................... .... 8
8(7). Dorsum with dense pattern of small 8-
 shaped pores (Fig. 52, F); abdominal
 quinquelocular pores confined to area
 around vulva ...... Neolecanium, p. 65