North America, which extends roughly from the
Mississippi River Valley eastward and northward
to Connecticut. It is also found on ornamental
tuliptree and magnolias in California (Armitage
1947). Foreign: Europe.


Fig. 93. Toumeyella lriodendri, A) young adult female, DPI Photo
702481-3, B) very old adult females and crawlers, DPI Photo 680226.
MARGIN -Marginal setae (Fig. 94, B) numerous,
stout, tapered to sharp point, with well formed
basal socket. Spiracular setae (Fig. 94, C) in
groups of 3, equal in size or nearly so.
DISTRIBUTION: Map XXXIX. Burns and
Donley (1970) indicated this scale is probably
native to the yellow-poplar (tuliptree) area of


 Map XXXIX. Distribution of Toumeyella liriodndri.

BIOLOGY: In the southern part of its range,
tuliptree scale has a continuous life cycle (Burns
and Donley 1970). Crawlers are born in August
and September in northern areas and overwinter
as 2nd instars. The females are very prolific, and
more than 3,000 young may be produced during
their lifetime.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Tuliptree scale is
a pest of magnolias and yellow poplar (tuliptree)
throughout its range. Damage can be relatively
swift, because of the scales' large reproductive
capacity and large amount of honeydew ex-
creted. In many cases, ants protect the scales
from parasites and predators. It is an ornamental
pest in Florida.
NATURAL ENEMIES: Parasites listed by Peck
(1963) and Krombein et al. (1979) include the
following: Anicetus toumeyellae Milliron, VA;
Coccophagus flavifrons Howard, PA to FL to
TX; C. lycimnia (Walker), cosmopolitan;
Metaphycus flavus (Howard), NY to FL to TX.
REMARKS: Toumeyella liriodendri is similar to
T. cerifera but can be separated by the
10-locular pores on the abdomen of T. cerifera
and only 5-locular pores on T. liriodendri. There