the soil line and have been reported on roots. In
Maryland, young crawlers that settle above the
soil line usually succumb to parasites (MConnell
1949). Ovisac formation and egg deposition
begin in early May in Virginia (Williams &
Kosztarab 1972). In Maryland young that settle
above the soil line usually succumb to parasites
(McConnell 1949).
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: McConnell
(1949) stated that this scale might become an
economic pet of azaleas, but Williams and
Kosztarab (1972) indicated it was not of great
economic importance in Virginia. This scale in-
sect is of no economic importance in Florida.
REMARKS: Pulvinaria ericicola can be
separated from other species of Pulvinaria in
Florida because of the absence of tibiotarsal
scleroses and free articulation. Large discoidal
pores in a loose longitudinal row from anterior of
the anal plates to anterior of the mouthparts are
also characteristic of this species.
MATERIAL STUDIED: FLORIDA:
Brooksville, 1(1), Vaccinium arboreum,
18-IV-1980, R. H. Phillips; Gainesville, 2(2),
Vaccinium sp., 24-1-1975, W. Sherman; Ft.
Pierce, 1(1), Lyonia ferruginea, 11-1-1979, E.
W. Campbell; Oslo, 1(1), Lyonia sp.,
21-V-1980, E. W. Campbell; Port St. Lucie,
i(1), Huckleberry (unknown genus),
15-XII-1978, E. W. Campbell; Stuart, 1(1),
Lyonia ferruginea, 6-IV-1978, E. W. Campbell;
1(1), Lyonia sp., 19-IX-1978, E. W. Campbell;
Winter Garden, 1(1), Vaccinium sp., 13-IV-
1979, L. J. Chambliss and W. J. Shirley.





PULVINARIA FLOCCIFERA (Westwood)

SYNONYMS: Coccus floccifera Westwood
 1870:308
 Pulvinaria camelicola Signoret,
 Leonardi 1920:333
 Pulvinaria brassiae Cockerell,
 Cockerell 1895b:135, King
 1901a:197
 Pulvinaria floccosa (Westwood),
 Newstead 1900:226
 Chloropulovinario loccifera
 (Westwood), Borchsenius
 1957:205
 Pulvinaria floccifera (West-
 wood), Steinweden 1946:6,
 Williams and Kosztarab 1972:
 135


SUGGESTED COMMON NAME: cottony
camellia scale
FIELD DESCRIPTION: Body of female
elongate-oval, slightly convex widest near
center. Color cream to tan with brown mottling,
usually with a brown border. Adults with an
elongate ovisac which is straight or curved.
DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 75) Adult female 3.0-4.5
mm long, 2.0-3.0 mm wide. DoRsuM-Derm
membranous, Body setae (Fig. 75, C) straight,
slender, acute, scattered over dorsum. Sub-
marginal tubercles (Fig. 75, E) number 4-11
around entire body. Numerous small bilocular
(Fig. 75, F) and disc pores scattered over dor-
sum. About 25 large disc pores (Fig. 75, H)
anterior of anal plates. Tubular ducts (Fig. 75, 1)
with slender, knobbed filament, scattered over
derm. Anal plates triangular, cephalolateral
margins concave, caudolateral margins convex
with 4 apical, 2 subapical setae. VENTE- -Body
setae slender, acute, straight or curved, with a
large base. Antennae 8-segmented. Legs with
tibiotarsal scleroses an e ad f articulation. Quin-
quelocular pores (Fig. 75, 0) in spiracular fur-
rows, eaoh furrow with 50-70 pores.
Multilocular pores (Fig. 75, P) clustered around

with 7 loculi. Tubular ducts (Fig. 75, T) very
dense on abdomen, most with flowery tipped
filaments; some ducts with slender knobbed
filaments (Fig. 75, S) mostly in submargn of ab-
domen and thorax; ducts between antennae (Fig.
75, R) with broad flowery tipped filaments.
MARGIN-Marginal setae (Fig. 75, B) long,
acute, fringed, or bifid, most curved. Spiracular
setae in groups of 3 with medial seta about 2.5 X
longer than laterals.
DISTRIBUTION: Map XXIX. AL, CA, CT,
DC, CA, IL, IN, MA, MD, MO, NC, NJ, OR,
RI, SC, TX, VA, WA. Foreign: Australia,
Canada, Costa Rica, England, Europe, India,
Japan, New Zealand, and Trinidad,
BIOLOGY: In Florida, one generation occurs
per year. Adult females mature on the stems, but
migrate to the leaves for oviposition. Afterwards,
the dried female usually falls to the ground. First
instars usually settle on leaves, and then migrate
to stems as 2nd instars.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Not economically
important in Florida.
NATURAL ENEMIES: Apparently the only
parasite reported from P. floccifera in North
America is Coccophagus lycimnia Walker (Peck
1963, Krombein et al. 1979).
REMARKS: Pulvinaria floccifera and P.