of twigs and branches (Williams & Kosztarab
1972). In 1933, maple trees were killed by heavy
infestations in Arkansas (Baerg 1947). Not an
economic pest in Florida.
NATURAL ENEMIES: Parasites listed by Peck
(1963) and Krombein et al. (1979) are
Cheiloneurus albicornis Howard, SC to LA; Coc-
cophagus fraternus Howard, FL; C. lycimnioa
(Walker), cosmopolitan; Metaphycu flaous
(Howard), southeast to TX; and M. pulvinariae
(Howard), cosmopolitan.
REMARKS: The cottony maple leaf scale and the
cottony maple scale (P. innumerabilis) were
regarded as the same species until Howard (1898,
1900) differentiated the two species. Cottony
maple leaf scale is usually collected on the leaves,
while cottony maple scale (P. innumerabilis) oc-
curs only on stems and is easily distinguished by
its stout, spike-like marginal setae (Steinweden
1946). P. acericola was considered one of 4
native North American species of the genus
Pulvinaria by Steinweden (1946).
MATERIAL STUDIED: FLORIDA: Century,
1(1), Nyssa sylvatica, 7-V-1980, D. Reese; Green
Cove Springs, 3(3), Vitio sp., 17-IX-1980, K.
Elliott; Pensacola, 2(4), Silver maple,
16-VI-1931, P. F. Eobertson; Port St. Joe, 2(2),
Persea borbonia, 14-11-1979, J. Felty and K. C.
Lowery.






 PULVINARIA CITRICOLA Kuwana

SYNONYMS: Puloinaria citricola Kuwana
 1914:3, Steinweden 1946i5,
 Takahashi 1955b:149, Wil-
 liams and Kosztarab 1972:125
 Eupulvinarta citricola (Ku-
 wana), Borchsenius 1957:224
SUGGESTED COMMON NAME: cottony citrus

FIELD DESCRIPTION: According to Borch-
senius (1957), the adult female is elongate oval,
moderately convex, light green with a yellow
band on top. Older ovipositing females are
wrinkled with dark irregular lines near body
margin. The ovisac is snowy white, long, with 2
longitudinal furrows.
DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 70) Adult females ca. 3.0
mm long, 2.5 mm wide. DoRsuM-Derm mem-
branous with many bilocular (Fig. 70, E) and
disc pores (Fig. 70, F). Small, shallow cupped


tubular ducts (Fig. 70, C) scattered over entire
dorsum. Body setae (Fig. 70, C) stout, bluntly
pointed, scattered. Anal plates triangular with
the cephalolateral margin usually concave, each
plate with 4 apical and 1 subapical seta. Disc
pores absent anterior to anal plates.
VENTER-Membranous. Antennae 8-segmented.
Legs with tibiotarsal scleroses and free articula-
tion, claw without denticle. Submarginal setae
(Fig. 70, J) in irregular row, long, slender,
straight, acute. Body setae very similar in shape
and size to submarginal setae. Interantennal
setae (Fig. 70, K) mostly normal, 1 or 2 with
bulbous expansion. Spiracular furrows with
quinquelocular pores in band 3 or 4 pores wide
(Fig. 70, M), extending anterior of spiracle to
just below coxae. Multilocular pores (Fig. 70, N)
in vulvar area and transverse rows on abdominal
segments. Tubular ducts (Fig. 70, R) with broad
filaments and some with slender filaments (Fig.
70, Q) scattered over body. MARGIN-Marginal
setae (Fig. 70, B) slender, acute, slightly curved.
Spiracular setae (Fig. 70, D) in groups of 3, me-
dian seta 3 or 4X length of laterals.
DISTRIBUTION: Not known to occur in Flor-
ida. CA, MD, VA. Foreign: Japan.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Not of economic
importance in the U. S., butitis very serious on
citrus in Japan (Kuwana 1914).
REMARKS: The bulbous expansion of at least 1
interantennal seta and the absence of disc pores
anterior to the anal plates will separate P.
citricola from other species of Pulvinaria.
MATERIAL STUDIED, Not known in Florida,
therefore, authentic Florida material not
studied.






PULVINARIA ELONGATA Newstead

SYNONYMS: Pulvlnaria elongata Newstead
 1917a:20, Mamet 1958:74
SUGGESTED COMMON NAME: cottony grass
scale
FIELD DESCRIPTION: Occurs on the leaves of
host. Body extremely elongate, convex, cephalic
region flattened. Color varies from pale crimson
to rosy flesh color with 2 irregular longitudinal
lines of brighter crimson (Fig. 71). Dry
specimens are pale beige. The ovisac is very
short, projecting only slightly from beneath the
female body.