PROTOPULVINARIA MANGIFERAE
 (Green)

SYNONYMS: Lecanium mangiferae Green
 1889:249
 Coccus mangiferae (Green), Fer-
 nald 1903:172
 Protopulvinaria mangiferae
 (Green), Steinweden 1929:223
SUGGESTED COMMON NAME: mango shield
scale
FIELD DESCRIPTION: Somewhat triangular
in shape, irregular, bluntly pointed in front,
broadly rounded behind, flat, thin, and


Fig. 62. Protopulvinaria mangiferae, adult female, DPI Photo
701678.

yellowish green (Merrill 1953) (Fig. 62). Wrin-
kling of dead specimens causes formation of little
ridges that seem to define polygonal areas (Ferris
in Zimmerman 1948).
DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 63) Adult female 2.5-4.0
mm long, 2.2-3.5 mm wide. Body broadly
pyriform. DoRsuM-Derm membranous in
young adult females, becoming more sclerotized
with age. Scattered clear areas, each with a dark
rim; submargin sectioned with membranous
lines. Submarginal tubercles (Fig. 63, E) number
9-15 around body. Dorsal setae with swollen
apices (Fig. 63, C). Few discoidal pores (Fig. 63,
H) anterior to anal plates. Anal plates (Fig. 63,


Ii) ca. one-third length of body from posterior
margin. Anterolateral margins of anal plates ca.
2X longer than posterolateral margins.
VENTER-Ventral tubular ducts (Fig. 63, P) on
thorax between legs and on abdominal sub-
margin. Legs normally developed. Multilocular
pores (Fig. 63, 0) confined to vulvar region.
Quinquelocular pores (Fig. 63, N) in spiracular
furrows, in single row. Antennae 8-segmented.
MARGIN Marginal setae (Fig. 63, B) closely set,
evenly spaced in single row, each seta variously
branched or fimbriate at apex. Spiracular setae
in groups of 3, with medial seta ca. 3X longer
than laterals.
DISTRIBUTION: Map XXIII. HI, TX. Foreign:
Antigua, Barbados, Burma, Cuba, Egypt, El
Salvador, Grenada, Guyana, Israel, Jamaica,
Kenya, Madagascar, Martinique, Mauritius,
Mexico, Panama, Philippines, St. Lucia,
Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Thailand, South Africa,
Trinidad, Virgin Islands, and Zanzibar.


 '-' _






 Map XXIII. Distribution of Protopulvinaria mangiferae.

BIOLOGY: According to Avidov and Harpaz
(1969), 3 generations are produced each year in
the coastal plains of Israel. Larvae of the first
generation appeared in late March and early
May, larvae of the 2nd generation in early June,
and the 3rd generation in early September. The
spring generation lived an average of 74 days, the
summer generation 91 days, and the 3rd genera-
tion 194 days. The 2nd generation is the most im-