SUGGESTED COMMON NAME: Chinese wax
scale
FIELD DESCRIPTION: Wet wax of adult
females rectangular in dorsal view,
hemispherical in lateral view (Fig. 24), pink or
reddish brown in old females, white in young
females. Marginal flange small in young females,
large in older females. Plates normally absent
from old females, present in young females.
Length 2.0-7.0 mm, width 2.0-6.0 mm.
DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 25) Adult females ovate,
1.5-4.5 mm long, 1.0-4.0 mm wide. DonsUM-
Derm membranous in young adult females,
becoming heavily sclerotized with age.
Numerous bilocular and trilocular pores (Fig. 25,
E, F) on dorsum, absent from 1 cephalic, 6
lateral, and 1 mediodorsal clear areas. Setae
stout with rounded apex, (Fig. 25, C) capitate,
more numerous near margin. Each anal plate
with 4 dorsal and 2 ventral setae. VENTER--Legs
well developed, with tibiotarsal scleroses, equal
claw digitules, claw with small denticle. Anten-
nae 7-segmented. About 60 quinquelocular pores
(Fig. 25, P) in each spiracular furrow.
Multilocular pores (Fig. 25, Q) in vulvar area
only. Tubular ducts (Fig. 25, T) in head and
vulvar region. Long filamentous ducts (Fig. 25,
S) in submarginal band around body.
MARGIN -Marginal setae bristle-shaped, curved
apex. Spiracular setae hemispherical, bullet-
shaped, or lanceolate, larger setae sometimes
bent, in 3 or 4 irregular rows (Fig. 25, D).
DISTRIBUTION: CA, NC, VA. Foreign:
Australia, France, Italy, Madeira Islands, Mex-
ico, Morocco, New Zealand, and Spain.


after the 2nd molt, the young adult females
migrate to stems and complete development.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: This scale insect
is a pest of Citrus spp. and ornamental plants
outside the U.S. (Gimpel et al. 1974). Therefore,
citrus growers should be aware of its potential
pest status, if introduced into Florida.
REMARKS: In the U.S., C. sinensis resembles C.
brachyurus Cockerell which occurs in the
southwest U.S. and Mexico. These 2 species can
be separated on the presence of filamentous ducts
in C. sinensis, and the larger number of
spiracular setae (18-43) in C. sinensis to 13-22 in
C. brachyurus. Ceroplastes sinensis resembles
C. cirripediformis, but the absence of filamen-
tous ducts from C. cirripediformis will separate
the 2 species.
MATERIAL STUDIED: VIRGINIA: Franklin,
3(3), Ilex crenata microphyllaa', 16-XII-1970, D.
R. Gillet; Franklin, 5(5), Ilex crenata
microphyllaa', ?-?-1972, J. Pierce.




 CEROPLASTES UTILIS Cockerell


SYNONYMS:






SUGGESTED
scale


Ceroplastes utilis Riley and
 Howard 1892:139 (Nomen
 nudum), Fernald 1903:158
Ceroplastes utilis Cockerell
 1893c:83.
Ceroplastes dozieri Cockerell &
 Bucker, Gimpel et al. 1974:67.
COMMON NAME: candle wax


BIOLOGY: According to Williams and
Kosztarab (1972), only 1 generation per year oc-
curred in Virginia. Nymphs feed on leaves and


FIELD DESCRIPTION: Wet wax (Fig. 26) oval
in dorsal view, hemispherical when viewed
laterally, and without horn, translucent green or
yellowish in young females and slate gray in old
specimens. Length ca. 4.0 mm, width 3.0 mm.
DESCRIPTION: (Fig. 27) Adult female ellip-
tical, reddish brown, with short anal process, ca.
3.5 mm long, 3.0 mm wide. DORSUM-Mem-
branous when young, becoming slightly
sclerotized in old females; with 1 mediodorsal, 1
cephalic, and 6 lateral clear areas. Tubular ducts
absent. Dorsal pores include bilocular pores near
submargin, irregular trilocular pores scattered
and trilocular pores scattered. Anal plates each
with 1 ventral and 4 dorsal setae.
VENTER- Membranous with bristle-shaped setae
(Fig. 27, A) of 2 sizes. Many cruciform pores
(Fig. 27, B) concentrated on submargin. Pores in
spiracular furrows (Fig. 27, C) 5 to 10 loculi.
Four multilocular pores near base of meso- and