THE ARTESIAN WATER SUPPLY OF EASTERN FLORIDA.

by D. C. Stafford. It is a three-inch well and reported to be about 410 feet deep. The main source of domestic water supply at Callahan until the completion of this well had been shallow wells. These wells which vary in depth from 25 to 6o feet, obtain their water supply chiefly from the underlying sands and clays. The water from these sands and clays while soft and very desirable for domestic purposes seemed to be contaminated by surface impurities as was indicated by the many cases of typhoid fever. Several of the citizens suspected that this sickness was due to the drinking of this surface water and their combined efforts resulted in the completion of this first artesian well. Since the completion of this and other deep wells the healthfulness of the locality has greatly improved.
A three-inch well drilled for J. R. Wilson in 1908 by I C. Russell reached a total depth of 412 feet. It is reported cased 188 feet and has a pressure of 21 pounds as shown by the pressure gauge February 3, 191o, or a head of 48.51 feet above the surface. The elevation of the depot at Callahan as given by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad is 20 feet above sea. The location of the above well is approximately 2 feet lower than the depot, or about i8 feet above sea, thus making a total head of 66.51 feet above sea.
Another three-inch well was drilled by H. C. Russell for T. B. Wells and Brother. This well reached a total depth of 420 feet and is cased 192 feet. The pressure of this well as shown by the pressure gauge, February 3, i9Io, was 19 pounds or a head 43.89 feet above the surface. The elevation of the well is approximately 3 feet higher than the depot or 5 feet higher than the Wilson well. The head would thus be 66,.89 feet above sea or about the same as that of the Wilson well.
In February, 191o, H. C. Russell completed a second well for J. R. Wilson. This well is located about three-fourths of a mile east of Callahan. It is a three-inch well and reaches a total depth of 489.7 feet. 212 feet of 3 inch casing was used. The first flow in this well was encountered at 200 feet, the second at 275 feet and the third at 425 feet. Although the drilling in this well was continued to a depth of 489.7 feet it is reported that no increase of water was obtained below 460 feet. The following is a log of this well as constructed from the notes kept by the driller and from samples of the drillings saved by him:
Feet.
Sand .......... .........................................0o2
Red clay................................................ 2-IO
Blue clay and sand .........,............................... IO-45

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