Environment


The Daly News, Friday, March 13,1998 21


Homesteaders were hardworking people


 The entire family helped in order for them to succeed


 When the homestead program
started on St. Croi in 1932, it was
not easy.
 This third column focuses on
homesteaders at work and the hard-
ship they encountered.
 Homesteaders worked hard, with
commitment from the entire family
if they were to succeed in making a
life for themselves on the land.
 Although agriculture had been
modernized, bomesteader relied on
traditional hand tools including
cane knives, hand plows and hoes.
 This tradition was passed down
from slaves who worked the land
more than 300 years. Everybody
worked from dawn to dusk.
 Homesteaders worried constant-
 ly about the weather, getting the
 cane to the market, the price of cane
 and sanual paymenTs fr their land.
 But the homestead program tried
 to improve the living conditions of
 local people through the coostruc-
 tion of new homes.
 In the 1930s,. St. Croix's rural
 blacks and Hispanics lived in


unsanitary housing in old slave
plantation villages and in over-
crowded houses, for which they
paid 30 to 50 cents per week to
owners.
 The typical set of rooms was
occupied by five or six persons.
Disease was rsmpan Many people
lived in poorly bult two- or three-
room apartments in long barrack-
type buildings. Many families did
not have their own homes.
 Homesteading brought the first
radical change from these slave
housing patterns that dated back
from the 1800s.
 Starting in 1934, the federal
government constructed houses for
homesteaders. This was the first
public housing in the Virgin
Islands. The new houses cost
between $500 and OO00. They con-
sisted of two to four rooms with
kitchens, citerand porches.
 In 1938, 52 new houses had
 been built on homestead plots, but
 the federal funds dried up with only
 a few additional hose constructed


 Olasee
 Davis
 Our
 0lmi miMnti


by the local government.
 Some homesteaders erected their
own houses. Overall about 20 per-
cent of the homesteaders lived on




Homesteading reinforced
family values at home
and at work. Strong
family ties were key to
successful homesteading.


their own land.
 Homesteading reinforced family
 values at home and at work. Strong


family ties were key to successful
homesteading.
 But homesteaders had to use
their land mainly to grow sugar
cane for the big sugar corporations
on the island. Al first, homesteaders
enjoyed success. From 1933 to
1937 homesteaders saw steady
advances in both output and income
on their farms.
 During this period, 96 percent of
all bills were paid on time, and more
than 300 homesteaders averaged an
income of $100 per year from cane
sales, which they supplemented with
other food crops grown.
 By comparison, the typical field
 workers for the sugar corporation
 earned about $75 per year in wages.
 But the homesteaders failed to
 sustain their success. In 1938 a
 severe drought hit the island.
 With this natural disaster, sugar
 prices fell, and rising wage rates
 forced many homesteaders to relin-
 quish their plots in favor of govem-
 meat employment.
 By the end of 1941, only 202


active homesteaders remained with
533 acres of aceland in production.
 The program also suffered as the
federal government grew disinter-
esLed. In 1934 the federal funds for
the program were reduced tremen-
douly.
 The cuts scrapped officials'
plans to purchase additional lands,
build more houses and provide
more cooperative services for the
farmers. In fact, by 1935 there were
no federal funds.
 Instead, the federal government
gave millions to the Virgin Islands
Co., which was established in 1934
to rehabilitate the sugar industry.
 By the 1940s the sugar compa-
 ny receive a total of S3.4 million as
 compared to $400,000 for the
 homestead program.
 Next week Who is to blame for
 the failure of the homestead pro-
 gram?
 Olasee Davis, wao hs a master
 ofscience degree in range manage-
 ment and forestry ecology, is a SL
 Croix ecologist, activist and writer.