Kidney" type (rk) the pink coloration behaves as dominant. We
must therefore suppose that there are three alleles at the rk
locus, with the following relations of dominance:

There are probably three alleles at the rk locus
 Some West Indian lines, such as "Miss Kelly" (Jamaica) and
 "Kenscoff I" (Haiti) are striped on a pink background. This pink
 background behaves as recessive in crosses with CRm or CRst
 varieties with white or cream background (supposed to be Rk). In
 crosses with varieties which have had a coloration of the "Dark
 Kidney" type (rk) the pink coloration behaves as dominant. We
 must therefore suppose that there are three alleles at the rk
 locus, with the following relations of dominance:
 Rk rki rk
 (cream or white (pink background, (red
 background) i for "intermediate") background)
But there is a curious complication: the lines which combine CRst
and rK have dark purple stripes (which appear black) on a red
background. For this darkening of stripes, rk appear, on the con-
trary, as dominant against rki. In crosses between "Red Caricosse"
(a line with "Red Kidney" coloration, obtained by G. Anais and
C. Vincent), and gR (a red striped pink, like "Kenscoff I" or
"Miss Kelly"), we obtain a 6 3 3 3 1 segregation in F2 plants.
Six of them produce black striated pinks; three, red striated
pinks; three, black striated reds; three, uniform pinks; and one
produces uniform reds. But this situation is actually caused by the
strong linkage in "Dark Red Kidney" between the recessive rk
and a dominant "stripe darkener" gene. We have obtained in
later generations a very low percentage of recombinants (less than
1%) which are dark red striped on a red background.

Interactions between Seed and Pod Colorations
 Pod colorations in Phaseolus vulgaris beans could deserve the
attention of a second Prakken! From a cross between two Euro-
pean varieties, "Or du Rhin" (wax colored pods) x "Epicerie du
Sault" (bright red colored pods, with chlorophyll at early stage),
we have obtained dark purple pods in Fi plants, and a very com-
plex segregation in the following generation, with wax, green,
red, purple, but also red wax and purple wax pods.


 The curious observation we have made in several crosses is that
there is a tight linkage, (or perhaps a pleiotropy) between the
Crst gene for striped seeds, and the bright red coloration of the
pods, either uniform or by stripes. For example, from a cross of
"Scabiola Rossa" (red striped pods) x "Dark Red Kidney" (green
and later yellow pods), G. Anais and C. Vincent (INRA
- Guadeloupe) have obtained either uniform color, or ,black
striped red seeded lines. The black striped seeded lines have
brightly red striped pods; on the contrary, the uniform color
seeded lines have only faint stripes on their pods.

CONCLUSION
 As practical examples of the theoretical considerations exposed
above, we can quote the following:
 1. The reunion in new inbred lines of the CRm and the rki
 genes, which produce red mottled seeds with a pink
 background, a very pleasant coloration. We have obtained
 by backcrosses the introduction of this new coloration into
 superior Haitian lines:
 a. "Kenscoff I" (extra early, powdery mildew tolerant,
 red striated on a pink background).
 b. "Salagnac 86" (medium-early, powdery mildew and
 rust tolerant, light red mottled on white background).
 The coloration of these lines was not dark red enough for
 Haitian consumers; their new versions with the Crm-rki
 combination will be better accepted.
 2. The obtainment, for the French West Indies, of lines with
 beautiful red striped or uniform red pods, which enclose
 bright red seeds, very attractive for sale on the market for
 fresh shelled beans. The seeds may be black striped red
 (the black stripes disappear at cooking) or, still better, dark
 red striped red.




References
 1. Prakken, R. 1979. Seed coat color in Phaseolus Vulgaris, attempt to a
general synthesis. Annual Report Bean Improvement Cooperative 1979. pp. 74-78.


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