volume of water placed into storage for future use by a crop,
corrective action needs to be taken when the crop water demand
or the leaching requirement can no longer be satisfied. Other
problems caused by reduced permeability such as water logging,
crusting, poor aeration and germination, or weeds may also force
corrective action.

 Suggested practices to bring about a change in soil or water
chemistry which may be causing a permeability problem include:
 using soil or water amendments (gypsum, sulfur, etc.)
 blending or changing the irrigation water supply

 The physical methods include cultural practices that manipu-
late the soil to increase infiltration or reduce the rate of water flow
over the soil and allow more opportunity for infiltration:
 irrigating more frequently
 cultivating and deep tillage


 using organic residues
 increasing time allotted (duration) for an irrigation.

WATER QUALITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
 Water quality affects agriculture but agriculture also affects
water quality. Such things as animal waste (manure), pesticides.
or fertilizer nutrients can each be a pollutant if they in some way
degrade the quality of a stream, lake or an underground water
supply.

 There are many other users of water besides agriculture.
Quality demands may be very different from one user to the next.
The domestic user would like a high sodium, soft water; agriculture
needs a high calcium, hard water. Consumers and local government
have a responsibility to oversee quality aspects in order to assure
that each of the many essential uses of water is protected for both
present and future needs.


GLOSSARY


alluvium

bedrock
carbonate
chloride

crop root zone

evapotranspiration
ground water

igneous rock

limestone

marl
mineral


salinity

salt


sedimentary


-material deposited or in transit by streams, including gravel, sand.
 silt, clay.
- the solid rock underlying soils (varying in depth).
-a salt of carbonic acid (H2 CO3) as in calcium carbonate (Ca CO3).
-a salt of hydrochloric acid (HC1) consisting of two elements, one of
 which is chlorine, as in sodium chloride (Na Cl).
- area of the soil occupied by plant roots, necessary for water and min-
 eral uptake.
- the giving off of water by plant leaves to the atmosphere.
-water found below the soil zone, of various depths, quantity and
 quality.
- rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma (volcanic).
 and that has not changed appreciably since its formation.
- a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite (Ca Co3), along with
 other amounts of clay, etc.
- soft and unconsolidated calcium carbonate (Ca CO3).
- any of a class of substances found in nature, usually comprising inor-
ganic substances, of definite chemical composition; also including rocks
formed by these substances.
- the presence of accumulated salts in a soil and/or water sample, varying
in concentration and type of salts.
- a compound formed by the replacement of one or more hydrogen (H)
atoms of an acid with elements that usually ionize in solution, (i.e..
hydrochloric acid + sodium sodium chloride = common table salt).
- rock formed from materials deposited by water, air or ice, usually
consolidated.


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