TOUSSAINT L OUVEBTURE. 291

,j .khe parallels have their contrasts. Tonuaint L'Ouverture
4Mght for liberty; Bonaparte fought for himself. Toussaint
- /Ouverture gained fame and power by leading an oppressed
land injured race to the successful vindication of their rights;
:onaparte made himself a name and acquired a sceptre by sup-
i.planting liberty and destroying nationalities, in order to sub-
Stitute his own illegitimate despotism. The fall of Toussaint
L'Ouverturr was a voluntary retirement from power, accom-
panied by a voluntary renunciation of authority, under circum-
atances which seemed to guarantee that freedom the attain-
ment of which had been the sole object of his efforts; the fall
of Bonaparte was the forced abdication of a throne which was
Regarded as a European nuisance, and descent from which was
a virtual acknowledgment that he had utterly tailed in the pur-
poses of hislife. In the treachery which they underwent, on
Sone side, Toussaint L'Ouverture was the vi..tim and Bonaparte
the seducer; and on the other side the former suffered from
Ihose who had been his enemies, the latter from those who in
profession were his constant friends. And in the rupture of
their domestic ties, Bonaparte was the injurer, Toussaint L'Ou-
S.rture the injured.
, Nor is it easy to bring one's mind to the conclusion that
;.etribution was wholly absent in the facts to which allusion has
just been made. The punishment is too like the crime to be
X.egarded as acrvidental. Toussaint's domestic bereavement was
requited by Bonaparte's domestic sorrows. The dear solitude
ypf the Castle of Joux was experienced over again at Saint Hel-
fana by him who inflicted the penalty. Strange to say, it was
Friend of the negroes namely, Admiral Maitland that
conducted the Corsican to his prison. And as if to make the
correspondence the more complete, and the retribution the more
prtent, by an exchange of extreme localities, the man of the
 emperate regions was transferred to the tropics, to atone for
 Crime in transferring the man of the tropics to the killing
 :1osts of the temperate regions. Resembling each other in sev-
 eral points of their calamities and pains, the two differed in that