539


 (5) Senator Thurmond's understanding No. 16, providing- that
 the United States in the exercise of its right to establish tolls shall examine the economic effects of any proposed toll increase on U.S.
 ports and commodities and seek to minimize any disproportionate effect on any region or type of commodity, was tabled by a vote of
 56 to 42;
 (6) Senator Bartlett's reservation No. 3, withholding the exchange of instruments of ratification until the President has determined that Panama has ratified the Treaty in accordance with its constitutional processes, including the provisions requiring a plebiscite of the people, was tabled by a vote of 63 to 35;
 (7) Senator Allen's amendment No. 104 (to unprinted reservation No. 36), to provide that the reservation shall not be construed as limiting or detracting from the DeConcini Reservation to the
 Neutrality Treaty, was tabled by 60 yeas to 38 nays;
 (8) Senator Allen's amendment No. 105 (to unprinted reservation No. 36), to provide that the reservation shall be construed as limiting and detracting from the DeConcini Reservation to the
 Neutrality Treaty, was tabled by a vote of 59 to 41;
 (9) Senator Cannon's unprinted amendment No. 37 (to unprinted
 reservation No. 36), deleting therefrom the words "nor be interpreted as a right of," was tabled by a 58-41 vote;
 (10) Senator Griffin's modified amendment No. 103 (in the nature of a substitute for the Resolution of Ratification), calling for the Senate to return the Treaty to the President with the advice that negoiations he initiated to conclude a new treaty which would better serve the interests of both nations, was tabled by a vote of
 64 to 36.
April 18-President Carter hailed the Senate vote in television remarks, saying that: "This is a day of which Americans can always be proud . These Treaties can mark the beginning of a new era in our relations not only with Panama but with all the rest of the world. They symbolize our determination to deal with the developing nations of the world, the small nations of the world, on the
 basis of mutual respect and partnership."
April 18-The New York Times reported that leftist students in Pan,ana demonstrated against the treaties in front of the Foreign Ministry and in a downtown plaza. In the U-. S. -controlled Canal Zone, U.S. servicemen and civilians were -warned not to enter Panama unless absolutely necessary, according to the report.
April 19-It was reported that General Omar Torrijos told a press
 conference after Senate approval of the Panama Canal Treaty that, had the Treaty been rejected by the Senate or proven unacceptable to Panama, Panamanian armed forces "would have intervened in the canal by tomorrow morning." General 'Torrijos warned that, should the ITnited States intervene in Panama's affairs, "we are capable of destroying it." In response, a Carter Administration spokesman said that "it is safe to assume we would be prepared to defend American interests" in Panama. Meanwhile, Panamanians
 celebrated the Senate vote for ratification.
April 19-In a joint statement, several leading Panamanian civilian
 politicians repudiated the treaties, asserting that without a new plebiscite "the military government is making this pact on its own."