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 and General TorriJos to the rFeaty. The amendment pledges the United States and Panama to "defend the Canal against any threat directed against the Canal or against the peaceful transit of vessels through the Canal." It also states that the Treaty does not grant the, United States "a right of intervention in the internal affairs of Panama," and that "any United States action will be directed at insuring that the Canal will remain open, secure, and accessible, and it shall never be directed against the territ orial integrity or political independence of P1anamat." Trhe followino10 amendments -were also considered: (1) Senator I-elmns' amendment No. 27 in the nature of a substitute for Senator Byrd's amendment No. 20, was tabled by a vote of 57-27; (2) Senator Allen's unprinted amendment No. 6 to Senator Byrd's amendment No. 20 was tabled by a vote of 53-33; (3) Senator Dole's amendment No. 12 to Article V was tabled by a vote of 50-37 ; and (4) Senator Dole's modified amendment No. 58 providing that the United States and Panama might agree to a continued U.S. military presence after Dec. 31, 1999, was tabled by a
 vote of 45-37.
March 11-The Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Separation of
 Powers heard testimony from James C. Lutweiler, former secretary of the U.S.-Panama Land Commission, and Doris McClellan clerk of the U.S. District Cout for the Canal Zone. The two witnesses testified and presented documents showing how the United States compensated private landowners in the Canal Zone. Subcommittee cha),irman James Allen said these witnesses -provided proof
 that the U.S. government holds title to the Canal Zone.
March 13-The Senate approved the second of two so-called leadership
 amendments, amendment No. 21 to Article VT, by a vote of 85-3. The amendment., which incorporates portions of the text of the October 14, 1.977, Statement of Understandingc between President Carter and General Torrijos, provides that "the vessels of war and auxiliary vessels of the UnPited States and Panama. will be entitled to transit the Canal expeditiously," anld "in case of need or emergency to g o to the head of the line of vessels in order to transit the Canal
 rapTidly."1
 The Senate also considered the f ollowing: (1) Senator Allen's unprinted amendment 'No. 8 to amendment No. 21, providing that the United States be the sle judge as to whether a need or emergency requiring hbead-of-the-line passage exists, was tabled by a vote of 53-34; (2) Senator Dole's amendment No. 60 to amendment No. 21.
 to provide thiat the state of need or emergency will be determined by each Head of State for vessels of his own nation, was tabled by a vote of 51-37; (3) Senator Helms' unprinted amendment No. 9., to provide that vessels of war and auxiliary vessels of the United States have the right to toll-free transit of the canal, was tabled by a vote
 of 58-28.
March 14-The f ollowing amendments were considered by the Senate:
 (1) Senator Allen's amendment. No. 77 to Article V to allow Panama and the United States to enter into agreement sto allow aU.S.miilitary presence in Panama after 1999 (tabled by a vote of .53-41):; (2) S enator Thurmond's modified amendment N o. 73, addingT a new Article IX to authorize the American Battle Monuments C ommis-