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Ilieve, we ref used to comply with our commitments of the 1840's refusing to let the Colombians use our railroad to transport their troops.
 So the revolution came about.
 I do not think anyone can really say we fomented the revolution, but I think it is pretty obvious that Bunan-Varilla knew from us what was going to happen. After that, we recognized Panama as a nation within 3 days. z
 In less than 2 weeks, right here in Washington, Secretary of State Hay had negotiated a treaty with Bunan-Varilla. All that we asked of Bunan-Varilla, who had become, through his own devices, the new minister for the State of Panama, was to make a treaty with the State of Colombia. But this Frenchman, who had a great deal to gain if the treaty were passed and because we were going to pay his company $40 million-and he personally, as a stockholder, about $400,000-did not want the Senate to dillydally around. So when hie got the treaty that Secretary Hay offered to himi, he made it a little more agreeable than what we had even asked for. lie struck out the 2000 year from the lease, and put in 'in perpetuity." He struck out the width of the Canal Zone of 5 kilometers and put in 10 miles. He gave us the right to control immigration and trade and even to disband their armny-an agreement much more generous than anyone had hoped.
 As a matter of fact, Senator Money of Missisisppi, in 1904, claimed that the treaty "comes to us more liberal iii its concessions * than we ever dreamed of having.. In fact*** it sounds very mch as if we wrote it ourselves."
 The past president of the American Bar Association, a man by the name of James Carter, by the way, called the whole affair a ''crime. "
 What I am trying to say it that the treaty with the new country of Panama wvas pretty generous to the United States and it. was from the (lay that treaty was signed that the trouble began. When Mr. IBunauVarilla met the Panamanian delegates down at Union Station, three or four blocks f rom here, he confronted Mr. Amador and another Panamanian, Mr. Frederico Boyd, and he said, "Oh, look, we have a treaty signed by the United States whereby they guarantee the independence of your state. After nearly 100 years of trying to become a f ree and independent state, your independence is guaranteed by this country."
 Well, according to Mr. Bunau-Varilla's own statement, when Mr. Amador read that treaty, hie almost fainted. What Mr. Buna-Varilla did not tell in his autobiography was when Mr. Frederico Boyd read the statement, he struck Mr. Bunan-Varilla, right across the face. And, Mr. President f rom that day until this, we have had continuous trouble with these extremely nationalistic people of Panama.
 Some 8 or 10 times, we have had to use military force to put down riots and trouble in Panama. From time to time, we have tried to pacify those people. In 1936, the Senate agreed to a new treaty in which we said, "All right, we will not use any force to protet the canal except with the permission of Panama." And that is the way it exists now.
 But in 1964, when the riots occurred and some 20 Panamanians were killed, some several hundred were injured anid we lost four of


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