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 Here, under the new treaties, we vest the Panamanians with a vested interest in what they have been fight-ingr for, their own nationalism, their right to determination of their own self destiny. Now we w,,ant to Give them that through the, new treaties, and the other crowd says, "What.? What about the new treaties? What will happen -when we give then that? WVYhat about the cost?"
 Three, weeks ag o the United Nations- Economic, Commission said we m-nade $12 billion in saved costs, economically, for the United States. So (-i-e them a billion. We left $5 billion, I think, when we pulled out of Saio'on, in one day. I do not know how many billion in total it cost us, and (56,000 lives over a 12-year period, but at least $5 billion that 1 day.
-What if it does add up to a billion bucks?
 The' Secretary of the Navy said, in 1976, that $200 million was saved in his budget as a result of having that canal there.
 There are untold benefits that the Panamanians have enjoyed and that the United States has enjoyed. But when it comes down to costs, when we are sitting around here, voting up next year's appropriations, and we hear -we have been subsidizing them $8 million for the previous T7 years, why worry now about the cost?
 Iam worried about the cost to us as at people, because what could -we do, Senator from Alabama, under that present treaty? We would have to turn a friendly people into a hostile people. We would have to turn a commercial operation-really, I would like to go into some of these thingTs: that is why I went there to visit. Going on down to the Navy there. I think there are about 600 communications personnel, the highest Olle of them holding the ra,)nk of captain. A line of communications, not of negotiation. And this is all off shore. This does not affect the ratificattion of these new treaties. We have got our defenses there.
 We have our defenses there. We are not being taken there. They are not coming to the canal.
 .We have our Air Force, and I hope the Air Force around the canal is not fiddling around at Howard Field I hope we are in Florida and Charleston, S.C. We will alert them long before they get to the canal. If -we do not, then this countr-y is in sad shape. About defending the canal? We will defend it from fields in Alabama, South Carolina, and Florida. We are going to defend that canal. Do not worry about it.
 There is no navy. There is not a naval vessel down there,, other than
 'ofhr.gunboats, things to fish from, things like that. But there is the Air Force.
 ILet us go back to the present treaty. -Now we have met, we have done what the Senator from Alabama has asked. We have refused to r"Itfy, and thieyv all are going to come up with all kinds of aid programs. I can see it now. We ought to give them a little more money, a little -more hal'clout.
 Talk about arrogance. It was the, Senator from AlaL ma who uped thaqt terminolo,v, n ot the Senator from South Carolina, who injected the word "arrogance." I think that is arrogance, giving' them a Yt tle more handout.
 Then in the fiffties and sixties, I remember one colleague who still serves sai d, "Now they havena ref rigerator, a stove. Some of them -want automobiles. What else do the blacks want?"