36


did that. He said you could raise the Panamanian flag wherever the American flag was raised, and that is what the children were trying to do.
 They talk of communism, and I had a delightful time because I had been in riots and civil disturbances for 4 years. I started with the Marions, Berrigans, wait-ins, sit-ins, and any that you want to mention. They started in iRock Hill, S.C. That is the first march that our distinguished-and I have most respect for him, and I agree on the holiday that our cities voted, and the city of Charleston where I lived-Martin Luther King Day-that we have learned a lot from his leadership, but ait that time I was trying to keep the peace and I pulled off the ragged city policeman and put black policemen all around and as a result, when there were arrests made there was not the TV result and they wVent on to Montgomery and, Bull Connor, gave them what they were looking for. It actually started in Rock Hill, S.C. I had 4 years of it with not a single e life lost and not a person with serious inury. And there were not anly Communists.
 This gentleman I was debating thinks every disturbance like 1964 in Panama -was communism.
 Then he explained how one could not physically get into the country later on in the debate, but he said certainly colonialism is not the problem.
 So now I quote General Underwood, his commander:
 Most Panamanians have felt for years that this treaty is unfair to them, dsregards their sovereign rights, and urgently needs modernization to reflect today's world rather than the colonial practices that were fashionable 74 years ago.
 Going on further, under the limits of time here:
 My own position in capsule form, is that the status quo is an unacceptable course of action; ...
 That status quo is what the opposition wants and when we try to show some judgmental capacity, they say, "Well, we can give them a l ittle more money or do a l ittl e bit of this. Oh, yes, we believe in revising 0 treaties and everything else." t
 But:
 My own position in capsule form is that the status quo is anunacceptable course of action; that a new treaty is needed to puify what Panama and much Of the world see is outdated colonialist role of the United States; ...
 Madam President, let me read one little paragraph that ought to be brought to the attention of every Senator, and I will h ave t o read it again when we get better attendance on the floor because it points out the problem that they do not think wve have, and I quote General Underwood: "The point here is that no collection of legalisms-"
 No collection of legalisms, I say to the Senator from Utah and the Senator from Vermont and other Senators around... No collection of legalisms, no expert reading of history to the contrary, no citing of the benefitsThat is another flare they bring up:
 ...No citing of the benefits bestowed upon Panama by our building, operating and defending the canal will ever convince the typical Panamanian that his country's sovereignty has not been violated by our occupation of the Canal Zone and our independent operation of the canal. It makes no difference which side has the best arguments or which side has the cleanest interpretation of history. Panama happens to believe it has been wronged and will persist in that belief to the bitter end.