GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF CANAL ZONE


 1857. Conrad, T. A., Descriptions of the fossil shells [Williamson's reconnaissance in California]: Idem, app.,
 art. 2, p. 317-329, pls. 2-9.
 Conrad's 1855 descriptions are repeated and poor
 illustrations are added.
 1857. Conrad, T. A., Description of the Tertiary fossils collected on the survey [Williamson's survey in California and
 Oregon]: Idem, v. 6, pt. 2, p. 69-73, pls. 2-5.
 Includes five species of mollusks collected by
 Newberry at Gatun.
 1861. Wagner, Moritz, Beitrdge zu einer physisch-geographischen Skizze des Isthmus von Panama: Petermanns
 Mitt., Ergdnzungsheft 5, 25 p., map.
 Geologic observations are incidental and unimportant. Reddish conglomerate and fragmental
 rocks at city of Panamd are assigned to Permian. 1874. Maack, G. A., Report on the geology and natural history of the isthmuses of Choco, of Darien, and of Panama, in Selfridge, T. 0., Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the practicability of a ship-canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans by the way of the Isthmus of Darien, p. 155-175, Washington.
 Geologic observations along Panama Railroad
 (p. 164-167) are inconsequential. Maack, like Wagner, suggested a Permian age for red conglomerate at Panam.
 1879. Wyse, L. N. B., Reclus, Armand, and Sosa, P., Rapports
 sur les 6tudes de la commission internationale d'exploration de l'isthme am6ricain, 294 p., 2 maps,
 Paris.
 Account of geology along route of proposed canal,
 like earlier accounts, is of historical interest only.
 List of rocks collected (p. 279-280) was prepared by
 Daubr6e.
 1880. Boutan, E., Note sur la constitution g6ologique de
 l'isthme de Panama: Annales de Mines, 7th ser.,
 t. 18, p. 5-58, 2 pls. (map and profiles).
 Interesting account of geology along route of
 proposed canal, based on microscopic examination, at Ecole des Mines, of rocks collected along Panama
 Railroad.
 1881. Gabb, W. M., Descriptions of Caribbean Miocene fossils:
 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Jour., 2d ser., v. 8,
 p. 337-348, pls. 44, 45.
 Includes eight species of mollusks collected by
 Newberry at Gatun.
1886. Wyse, L. N. B., Le canal de Panama, 399 pp., maps,
 woodcuts, Paris.
 Discussion of geology (pp. 12-20) is drawn from
 earlier accounts. Fossils at scattered localities are mentioned. Shaded relief map of canal route is on
 scale of 1:100,000.
1890. [Chaper, ], Description g6ologique des terrains
 traverses par le canal: Commission d'6tudes institu6e par le liquidateur de la compagnie universelle,
 Rapport 6, 30 p., Paris.
 According to Douvill6 (1898, p. 589, footnote),
 Chaper, an engineer of the first French company, wrote this account. It does rot add much to Boutan's. Black fossiliferous limestone at Vamos
 Vamos, however, is mentioned.
1890- Dall, W. H., Contributions to the Tertiary fauna of 1903. Florida: Wagner Free Inst. Sci. Trans., v. 3, 6 pts.,
 1,654 p., 60 pls.


 Includes mollusks from Vamos Vamos, Gatun,
 and Monkey Hill [Mount Hope].
 1891. Douvill6, Henri, Sur i'Age des couches traverses par le
 canal de Panama: Acad. Sci. Paris Compte Rendu,
 t. 112, p. 497-499.
 First modern age assignments. The fossiliferous
 strata are assigned to Oligocene and Miocene.
 1896. Guppy, R. J. L., and Dall, W. H., Descriptions of
 Tertiary fossils from the Antillean region: U. S.
 Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 19, p. 303-331, pls. 27-30.
 Includes two species of mollusks from Gatun and
 Monkey Hill [Mount Hope].
 1898. Hill, R. T., The geological history of the Isthmus of
 Panama and portions of Costa Rica: Mus. Comp.
 Zool. Harvard College Bull., v. 28, p. 151-285,
 19 pls., 24 figs.
 Geology of Panasna Railroad and French canal. 1898. Douvill6, Henri, Sur l'Age des couches traverses par
 le canal de Panama: Soc. G6ol. Fronce Bull., 3me
 ser., t. 26, p. 587-600.
 Some of Douvill6's 1891 age assignments are
 changed; others are reinforced by additional data. 1899. Bertrand, Marcel, and Zfrcher, Philippe, Etude g6ologique sur l'isthme de Panama: Compagnie Nouvelle du Canal de Panama, Rapport de la Commission,
 app. 1, p. 83-106, map, structure sections, Paris.
 Most satisfactory of earlier accounts of geology of
 canal route. The map (scale 1:100,000), which has 10-meter (or several tens of meters) contours along route of canal and up Rio Chagres to Alhkjuela, is
 the last and the best of the French maps.
1899. Bouvier, E. L., Calappa zurcheri, crabe nouveau des
 terrains mioctnes de Panama: Mus. Hist. Nat.
 Paris Bull., t. 5, p. 189-192, 1 fig.
 Locality where this fossil was found is not specified. 1901. Hershey, 0. H., The geology of the central portion of the
 Isthmus of Panama: Calif. Univ., Dept. Geol.,
 Bull., v. 2, p. 231-267, map.
 Panamd formation at and near Panamd is briefly
 mentioned (p. 245-246). Hershey's age assignments
 are much too old.
1904. Cushman, J. A., Pleistocene foraminifera from Panama:
 Am. Geologist, v. 33, p. 265-266.
 List of 14 species from a locality near Mindi. 1904. Lemoine, P., and Douvil]6, R., Sur le genre Lepidocyclina
 Gnlmbel: Soc. G6ol. France M6m. 32 (t. 12), p. 1-42,
 pls. 1-3.
 Includes Lepidocyclina chaperi and L. canellei,
 both named for engineers of first French company. 1907. Howe, Ernest, Report on the geology of the Canal Zone:
 Isthmian Canal Comm., Ann. Rept., 1907, app. E,
 p. 108-138, pl. 147.
 Principal features of Canal Zone geology.
1907. Howe, Ernest, Isthmian geology and the Panama Canal:
 Econ. Geology, v. 2, p. 639-658, pl. 8.
 Economic aspects of geology are emphasized. 1908. Howe, Ernest, The geology of the Isthmus of Panama:
 Am. Jour. Sci., 4th ser., v. 26, p. 212-237.
 Stratigraphy and paleontology are emphasized. 1909. Toula, Franz, Eine jungtertidre Fauna von Gatun am
 Panama-Kanal: K. k. Geol. Reichsanstalt Jahrb.,
 Band 59, p. 673-760, pls. 25-28, 15 figs.
 Mollusks, otoliths, and a few other fossils from
 Gatun formation, mostly from Gatun Locks site
 and spillway of Gatun Dam.


6