RESULTS
Psychometric Properties of Measures
All of the measures used to evaluate the DPICS II categories for validity were first evaluated for internal consistency within the present samples. Cronbach's index of internal consistency (Cronbach, 1951) was computed for the fathers' responses to the ECBI Intensity score, the PSI, and the PLOC-SF to assure measurement reliability for the specific populations sampled. The internal consistency estimates for the clinic-referred and non-referred groups combined were as follows: alpha = .94 for the PSI total score, alpha = .92 for the PSI child domain score, alpha = .92 for the PSI parent domain score, alpha = .81 for the PLOC-SF total score, and alpha = .95 for the ECBI intensity score. These internal consistency estimates are consistent with previously published findings, and were considered adequate for use in further analyses.
Differences Between Groups on Measures
The clinic-referred and comparison groups were expected to differ significantly on the measures related to child behavior problems and these differences were, in fact, found. The clinic-referred group demonstrated significantly elevated scores on measures of child behavior, parenting stress, and parental locus of control compared to the non-referred group. Statistically significant differences between the groups were found on the ECBI intensity score, t (58) = 8.74, R < .001, and problem score, t (58) = 9.36, 2 < .001. Fathers in the clinic-referred and comparison groups rated their children as having mean 47