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other four did not. This would indicate that serious consideration should be given to the sample groups in relation to whether they already possess many of the skills being taught.
5. Campbell and Stanley's Institutional Cycle Design was effective for field-testing a module.
Implications and Suggestions for Further Research
The results of this study imply that modules can be effective means of acquiring competencies. Using Turner's Criteria Level 2 and designing instruments that measure the teacher and pupil behaviors can increase evaluation information for PBTE.
Inservice teachers who wish to fulfill certification
requirements may be able to do so without attending courses. Since one of the inherent features of modules is their practicability, children will benefit from teachers change in behavior as they acquire new skills. As Kirby noted, training packages can aid schools in staff development (37).
The results also support the suggestion of using one high-and one low-inference measure to determine change in behavior. Basing the field-testing of modules and other training materials on the Institutional Cycle Design may be an effective way of increasing evaluative procedures.