C ONTENTScontinued
CHAPTER V: THE SUPPLY OF IRON AND COPPER AFTER i860 81
Increased Production of American Mines (8l)
Changing Location and Declining Ore Yields of
American Mines After I860 (82)
Changing Techniques in American Mines (88)
Effects on Costs of Declining Ore Yields (94)
The Move to Foreign Metals Sources (104)
CHAPTER VI: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRODUCTION,
EXTRACTION, AND GROWTH 110
Changing Production and Changing Resources (llO)
Production and Natural Wealth (112)
Structural Materials and Economic Growth (120)
The Effects of Metals Scarcity on Growth (133)
CHAPTER VII: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 143
A Glance in Retrospect (l43)
The Influence of Abundant Resources and
Increasing Scarcity on Growth (120)
Implications of Materials Scarcity for Rich and
Poor Nations (151)
Natural Resources and Material Progress (154)
A Balanced Perspective (l6o)
APPENDIX A: CHANGING PRODUCTION, I86O-I96O 163
Employment, I86O-I96O (l63)
National Income by Source (167)
Physical Volume of Output, I9OO-I96O (173)
APPENDIX B: COPPER, IRON, AND STEEL PRODUCTION AND
METALS IN USE, I86O-I96O 176
B.l Copper, Iron, and Steel Production,
1860-1960 (176)
B.2 Imports and Exports of Copper and Iron,
1900-1960 (182)
B.3 Copper and Iron Scrap (184)
B.4 Apparent Consumption of Iron and Copper and
Iron and Copper in Use, I9OO-I960 (l90)
WORKS CITED 203
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 212
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