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task (shock minus shock-control and reward minus reward-

control) as the within subject factor. For both positive

 [F(1,43) = 6.40, P < .05] and negative affect factors

 [F(1,43) = 8.64, P < .01], there was a main effect of task.

 The main effect of group and task by group interactions were

 not significant for either PA or NA. The main effect of

 task for PA, revealed that subjects reported more positive

 affect during the reward compared to the no-reward condition

 (mean=3.13, sd=7.97) than the shock compared to the no-shock

 condition (mean=.298, sd=7.97). Examination of the mean

 differences between stimulus and control conditions for NA

 indicated that subjects reported more negative affect during

 shock compared to the no-shock condition (mean=l.00,

 sd=2.26) and slightly less negative affect during the reward

 compared to the no-reward condition (mean=-.085, sd=1.19).

 The ANOVA tables for both PA and NA, Table C-80 and C-81,

 are presented in Appendix C.

 Self-assessment manikin. The shock and reward

conditions were directly compared for each variable by

creating new variables (shock minus no-shock and reward

minus no-reward) for valence, arousal, and dominance.

Wilcoxon Tests and Kruskal-Wallis Tests were performed to

examine differences in condition and group respectively.

The ratings for the shock condition were significantly

different than the ratings for the reward condition for

valence [Z = -4.22, P < .0001], arousal [-2.19, P < .05],