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 valence only [Z = -2.47, P < .05]. Arousal ratings were not

 significantly different between reward and control trials [Z

 = -1.83, P = .067]. Also, dominance ratings were not

 significantly different [Z = -1.15, P = .249].

 There were also no significant group differences. See

 Table C-79 in Appendix C for details. Exploration of the

 main effect of condition for valence revealed that subjects

 reported feeling more pleasant during the reward (mean=1.23)

 compared to the reward-control trial (mean=1.62). The trend

 towards significance for arousal revealed that subjects

 reported feeling less calm during the reward (mean=4.21,

 sd=1.12) compared to the control (mean=4.53, sd=.997) trial.

 Summary of results of reward task. In sum, subjects

reported more positive affect and more pleasantness during

the reward compared to the no-reward condition. There were

no differences in ratings of negative affect, arousal, or

dominance between the reward and no-reward conditions.

Additionally, there were no group differences in the ratings

of NA, PA, valence, arousal, or dominance.

Shock versus reward

 Positive and negative affect schedule. The shock and

reward condition were directly compared by creating new

variables such that the control (no-shock and no-reward)

ratings were subtracted from the respective stimulus (shock

and reward) ratings. Repeated measures ANOVAs were

conducted using group as the between subjects factor and