structures and changes are often not experienced

consciously. Fourth, he stated that visceral changes are

slow and thus, cannot be a source of emotion. Fifth, he

claimed that producing artificial visceral changes does not

produce affect. He used adrenalin as an example stating

that adrenalin produces bodily changes that are not

accompanied by affective states. He concluded that the

sensation of visceral responses cannot produce affect.

 Cannon hypothesized that "emotional expression results

 from action of subcortical centers" (p.115). Cannon cited

 studies in which various types of decorticate animals

 displayed abnormal affective responses, whereas animals with

 hypothalamotomies failed to display affective behavior.

 Consequently, Cannon concluded that the cerebral cortex

 normally inhibits thalamic activation. He purported that

 during normal emotional experience sensory information

 arrives at the cortex and is projected to the hypothalamus

 releasing it from cortical control. Cannon proposed that

 hypothalamic activation relays information to somatic

 musculature and smooth musculature of the viscera to produce

 characteristic manifestations of emotion. Simultaneously,

 the hypothalamus projects to cortex which produces the

 conscious awareness of emotion. According to Cannon

muscular changes, visceral changes, and conscious experience

of emotion all occur simultaneously. The result is intense