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1. During the five minute anticipation period, negative
emotions were assessed using the Positive and Negative
Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988),
and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) (Hodes, Cook, & Lang,
1985). The experimenter read each item to the subjects and
recorded the responses.
In the no-shock task, subjects waited for a five minute
period with the understanding that they would not receive a
shock. The no-shock control condition consisted of a five
minute period during which time the subjects were
administered the PANAS and SAM.
Anticipatory reward task
The reward condition consisted of counterbalanced
reward and no-reward conditions. In the reward condition,
subjects waited to receive a reward. During the reward
condition, subjects were informed that they would receive
between 5 and 8 dollars, lottery tickets, or a combination
of both. Subjects were administered the PANAS and SAM while
waiting for the reward. In the no-reward condition,
subjects were informed that they were not receiving a
reward. The same questionnaires were administered during
the five minute no-reward condition.
Design Issues
A few problems inherent in the design of this project
are presented here. First, it is presumed that the positive
and negative emotions experienced in the anticipatory prize