Paae THREE METHODOLOGY 98 Introduction 98 Organization 99 Instrumentation 99 School Program 101 Student Population Description 102 Data Collection 103 Test Validity and Reliability 109 Inter-American Series Reading Test 109 Language Assessment Battery 110 Language Assessment Scales Ill Data Analysis 113 FOUR RESULTS 115 Hypothesis and Research Questions One 116 Quantitative Measures of Expressive Language.... 117 Discussion of findings on expressive language 117 Teachers' Ratings of Oral Proficiency 119 Discussion of teachers' ratings 120 Composition of Language Scores 122 Measures of listening 123 Discussion of listening scores 123 Measures of reading 125 Discussion of reading scores 125 Correlations of written measures by age and sex 125 Correlations of oral and written measures.... 128 Comparison of Male and Female Students 130 Entire Cuban Group 130 Stanine scores 134 Writing subsection 138 Discussion of Findings Regarding Hypothesis and Research Questions One 138 Conclusions Regarding Hypothesis and Research Questions One 146 Hypothesis and Research Question Two 146 Students and Parents 147 Description of the students 148 Student surveys 151 Results of student survey 151 Results of parent survey 154 Students' and parents' self-rating of language 180 Correlations of students' and parents' self- ratings 180 Discussion of results of students' and parents' surveys 181 vi i