53
 Examples of Mspl fragment patterns detected in South African workers

are shown in Figure 9, lanes 12, 14, 16, and 17. The estimated group

frequency for the M500 variants in South African workers was 92% (Table 4):

the majority of these workers appeared to carry only M500 variants (Figure 9,

lane 17). The M400 and M300 group frequencies were 5% and 3%,

respectively. Since no M200 variants were detected in South African drones,

it was assumed that M500 variants predominated in workers as well (Table 4:

M200 variants would be difficult to detect in A. m. scutellata workers due to

the comigration of fragments).

 In South African drones, the majority of the Ddel variants detected were

in the D400 group (Table 5). Variants D405 and D403 were found at the

highest individual frequencies (22% and 13%, respectively). Only one D300

variant was detected (D306). The remaining variants detected were from the

D500 group. The ambiguity in the frequencies for D505 and D506 was due to

the similarity of these patterns, which were difficult to distinguish if the

samples were not adjacent on a blot.

 Frequencies were low for the many alleles found in South African drones

(Table 6). Alleles M508/D408 and M512/D403 were detected at the highest

frequencies (11% and 8%, respectively): two-thirds of the alleles were each

detected in a single drone (equivalent to one allele in the queen from a single

colony, or one in forty-six).