Several approaches were employed in this research design to aid in resolving the

research questions. The long interviews provided qualitative information which

described processes and relationships that served as the basis for the second instrument.

Descriptive statistics were collected with the quantitative data provided in the second and

third instrument. The descriptive statistics do not provide evidence of relationships but

can be beneficial in explaining characteristics of individuals in groups. Correlations

between desired leadership practices and the attitude/will/desire of leaders or those in

leadership positions were also analyzed. These correlations investigate relationships of

variables and how they vary (Black, 1999).

 The two instruments given to the two groups of Farm Bureau members were ex

 post facto, or "after the fact." This refers to real-life studies that employ some of the

 same measurement and statistical tools used in experimental studies. The difference is

 the lack of control over independent variables; life experiences replace researcher-

 determined treatments that would have been possible in a more structured, experimental

 design (Black, 1999). Examples of the independent variables used in this study include

 age, length of service to Farm Bureau, participation in other organizations (both

 agricultural and general), marital status, family status, gender, residence, and if they work

 off the farm.

 Results of the survey to county board members and interviews with state Farm

 Bureau officials identified "gaps" within desired leadership practices that are expected by

 the state leadership in the FFBF and the importance and proficiency that board members

 place on these practices. Also identified in the survey given to active members were the

 motivations and attitudes that active Farm Bureau members have towards taking