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2012-05-14T11:22:57-04:00
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(Recycling Composted Organic Wastes on Florida's Forest Lands )Tj
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(4)Tj
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-504 -28 Td
(environmentally acceptable ways, such as composting )Tj
0 -14 TD
(and landspreading degradable organic wastes, to )Tj
0 -13 TD
(reduce, reuse, and recycle wastes that ordinarily would )Tj
0 -14 TD
(be incinerated or disposed in landfills. A report by the )Tj
T*
(Environmental Protection Agency noted that )Tj
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(approximately 70 percent of the solid waste generated )Tj
T*
(daily per person in the United States is appropriate for )Tj
T*
(use in biological decomposition systems. )Tj
20 -24 Td
(In a study conducted by University of Florida )Tj
-20 -13 Td
(researchers \(3\), slash pine growth and elemental tissue )Tj
T*
(concentrations were determined for a forest plantation )Tj
T*
(treated previously with municipal garbage composted )Tj
T*
(with sewage sludge. The compost was composed of )Tj
T*
(about 76 percent easily-degradable household organic )Tj
T*
(wastes which were separated from salvageable or )Tj
T*
(non-degradable waste, ground to reduce particle size, )Tj
0 -13 TD
(wetted with sewage sludge, and aerobically )Tj
0 -14 TD
(composted. Compost was broadcast and disked into )Tj
T*
(the soil or placed in plowed furrows and immediately )Tj
T*
(bedded. Sixteen years after treatment, tree diameters )Tj
T*
(\(dbh\) were measured and pine stem and foliage )Tj
T*
(samples were collected for nutrient and heavy metal )Tj
T*
(analyses. )Tj
20 -23 Td
(Growth results indicated that total pine stem )Tj
-20 -14 Td
(wood biomass \(dry weight\) experienced a 70 percent )Tj
T*
(increase compared to the untreated control group. )Tj
T*
(Although growth increased with increasing )Tj
T*
(application rates of the composted garbage, )Tj
T*
(differences among the three rates were insignificant. )Tj
T*
(However, the duration of increased slash pine basal )Tj
0 -13 TD
(area increment growth per tree was directly related to )Tj
0 -14 TD
(compost application rate; the greater the application )Tj
T*
(rate, the longer the increased growth was observed. )Tj
20 -24 Td
(Despite the large amounts of garbage compost )Tj
-20 -14 Td
(applied, no significant long-term effects upon )Tj
T*
(elemental tissue concentrations from pine needles and )Tj
0 -13 TD
(stem tissue were observed. Levels of heavy metals )Tj
0 -14 TD
(such as cadmium and chromium were insignificantly )Tj
T*
(different compared to standard needle composition )Tj
T*
(data. Accordingly, nitrogen and phosphorus rates )Tj
T*
(were significantly different for treated trees and )Tj
T*
(concentrations of these two important elements )Tj
T*
(increased as garbage compost application rates )Tj
0 -13 TD
(increased. Since these two elements commonly limit )Tj
0 -14 TD
(the growth potential of pine on many Florida soils, it )Tj
T*
(is probable that the growth responses observed were )Tj
265 653 Td
(due mainly to enhanced availability of these elements )Tj
T*
(in the compost-treated plots. Differences in micro )Tj
0 -13 TD
(element concentrations were also significantly greater )Tj
0 -14 TD
(for treated trees but these were not thought to be )Tj
T*
(biologically important. )Tj
20 -24 Td
(Subsequent soil profile analysis revealed no )Tj
-20 -14 Td
(evidence that nutrients released from the compost )Tj
T*
(moved below the native spodic horizon, except for )Tj
T*
(calcium. From this study of pine growth and the )Tj
0 -13 TD
(associated soil characteristics, applying garbage )Tj
0 -14 TD
(compost greatly improved pine productivity without )Tj
T*
(deleterious effects from heavy metals present in the )Tj
T*
(compost. These encouraging results may hopefully )Tj
T*
(expand the use of landspreading composted organic )Tj
T*
(wastes and relieve some of the mounting waste )Tj
T*
(disposal problems created by Florida cities. Increased )Tj
0 -13 TD
(use of this technique would effectively recycle )Tj
0 -14 TD
(important nutrients to fertilize forested areas while )Tj
T*
(minimizing any negative impact on site quality. )Tj
T*
(However, further research is required to evaluate the )Tj
T*
(effects of landspreading composted organic wastes )Tj
T*
(upon water quality. )Tj
/T1_2 13 Tf
69 -25 Td
( Literature Cited )Tj
/T1_1 11 Tf
-59 -24 Td
(1. Anonymous. 1989. )Tj
/T1_3 11 Tf
(The biocycle guide to )Tj
10 -14 Td
(composting municipal wastes )Tj
/T1_1 11 Tf
(. The JGC Press, )Tj
T*
(Inc., Emmaus, Pa. 195 pp. )Tj
-10 -24 Td
(2. DeBertoldi, M., M. P. Ferranti, P. L'Hermite, and )Tj
10 -14 Td
(L. Zucconi. 1986. )Tj
/T1_3 11 Tf
(Compost: production, quality )Tj
0 -13 TD
(and use. )Tj
/T1_1 11 Tf
( Elsevier Appl. Sci., NY. 853 pp. )Tj
-10 -24 Td
(3. Jokela, E. J., W. H. Smith, and S. R. Colbert. )Tj
10 -14 Td
(1990. Growth and elemental content of slash pine )Tj
0 -14 TD
(16 years after treatment with garbage composted )Tj
T*
(with sewage sludge. )Tj
/T1_3 11 Tf
(J. Environ. Qual. )Tj
/T1_1 11 Tf
T*
(19:146-150. )Tj
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